Table 4. Logistic regression analysis of hospitalization.
| Variable | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sig. | OR (95%CI) | Sig. | OR (95%CI) | Sig. | OR (95%CI) | |||
| Predisposing factors | ||||||||
| Age group (years) | ||||||||
| 60–64 | ref | ref | ref | |||||
| 65–69 | 0.134 | 1.406 (0.9–2.196) | 0.123 | 1.423 (0.909–2.226) | 0.302 | 1.274 (0.804–2.019) | ||
| 70–74 | 0.002* | 1.964 (1.286–2.998) | 0.001* | 2.012 (1.315–3.079) | 0.022* | 1.676 (1.076–2.611) | ||
| 75–79 | 0.000* | 2.233 (1.498–3.33) | 0.000* | 2.22 (1.487–3.316) | 0.002 * | 1.954 (1.29–2.958) | ||
| ≥80 | 0.000* | 2.308 (1.529–3.484) | 0.000* | 2.218 (1.464–3.362) | 0.003* | 1.925 (1.253–2.957) | ||
| Enabling factors | ||||||||
| Source of income | ||||||||
| pension | ref | ref | ref | |||||
| work or savings | 0.030* | 0.511 (0.279–0.938) | 0.026* | 0.501 (0.272–0.922) | 0.041* | 0.521 (0.279–0.974) | ||
| family | 0.473 | 0.763 (0.365–1.597) | 0.479 | 0.766 (0.365–1.604) | 0.445 | 0.732 (0.329–1.629) | ||
| others | 0.026* | 0.382 (0.164–0.892) | 0.028* | 0.387 (0.166–0.902) | 0.191 | 0.566 (0.241–1.329) | ||
| Location | ||||||||
| city center | ref | ref | ref | |||||
| inner suburbs | 0.086 | 1.316 (0.962–1.802) | 0.001* | 2.774 (1.515–5.08) | 0.000* | 3.527 (1.852–6.719) | ||
| outer suburbs | 0.000* | 2.582 (1.751–3.808) | 0.000* | 5.665 (2.95–10.877) | 0.000* | 6.024 (3.013–12.045) | ||
| Need factors | ||||||||
| Self-reported health status | ||||||||
| good | ref | ref | ref | |||||
| normal | 0.000* | 1.76 (1.282–2.416) | 0.001* | 1.752 (1.273–2.412) | 0.006* | 1.583 (1.138–2.202) | ||
| poor | 0.000* | 3.377 (2.234–5.104) | 0.000* | 3.211 (2.116–4.873) | 0.000* | 2.456 (1.578–3.822) | ||
| Feeling lonely | ||||||||
| never | ref | ref | ref | |||||
| sometimes | 0.071 | 1.389 (0.973–1.982) | 0.111 | 1.339 (0.935–1.918) | 0.336 | 1.201 (0.827–1.746) | ||
| always | 0.162 | 0.585 (0.276–1.241) | 0.121 | 0.55 (0.258–1.171) | 0.133 | 0.549 (0.251–1.2) | ||
|
ADLs (no vs. yes) |
0.005* | 2.954 (1.388–6.29) | 0.006* | 2.94 (1.364–6.34) | 0.071 | 2.143 (0.937–4.901) | ||
| Physical health change | ||||||||
| better | ref | ref | ref | |||||
| unchanged | 0.000 * | 0.21 (0.128–0.344) | 0.000* | 0.213 (0.129–0.349) | 0.000* | 0.22 (0.133–0.365) | ||
| worse | 0.002* | 0.457 (0.275–0.758) | 0.002* | 0.451 (0.27–0.752) | 0.001* | 0.423 (0.251–0.712) | ||
| unstable | 0.143 | 0.479 (0.179–1.284) | 0.165 | 0.493 (0.181–1.338) | 0.117 | 0.441 (0.158–1.227) | ||
| Disease status | ||||||||
|
Diabetes (yes vs. no) |
0.692 | 0.926 (0.633–1.355) | ||||||
|
Heart diseases (yes vs. no) |
0.008* | 1.535 (1.12–2.104) | ||||||
|
Cerebrovascular disease (yes vs. no) |
0.000* | 4.572 (3.029–6.901) | ||||||
|
Bronchitis (yes vs. no) |
0.009* | 1.886 (1.173–3.031) | ||||||
| Contextual Factors | ||||||||
| Regional economic level | ||||||||
| good | ref | ref | ||||||
| poor | 0.003* | 2.539 (1.374–4.694) | 0.000* | 3.429 (1.782–6.596) | ||||
|
Outdoor activities (no vs. yes) |
0.065 | 1.306 (0.983–1.736) | 0.107 | 1.273 (0.949–1.708) | ||||
| Chi-squared | 207.205 | 219.544 | 287.463 | |||||
| df | 17 | 19 | 23 | |||||
| Sig. | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |||||
| -2Log Likelihood | 1421.322 | 1408.983 | 1341.064 | |||||
*p < 0.05;
OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval