Table 4.
Comparison of Lead contamination (μg/L) in different subgroups
| Variable | Number | Mean ± SD | Median | *p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birth Route | ||||
| Cesarian | 54 | 54.1 ± 60.5 | 51.34 | |
| Vaginal | 46 | 53.1 ± 70.4 | 49.51 | 0.752 |
| Baby’s Gender | ||||
| Boy | 53 | 39.4 ± 42.2 | 45.74 | |
| Girl | 47 | 69.6 ± 80.9 | 55.87 | 0.079 |
| Baby Born on time | 78 | 55.3 ± 70.4 | 49.68 | |
| Baby born more than 10 days sooner than expected | 22 | 47.7 ± 40.3 | 53.41 | 0.592 |
| First Pregnancy | 89 | 45.2 ± 49.4 | 47.93 | |
| Not first pregnancy | 11 | 122.0 ± 120.0 | 71.32 | 0.011* |
| Diet | ||||
| More fruits and vegetables than meat | 39 | 47.51 ± 71.66 | 46.06 | |
| More meat than vegetables | 31 | 61.03 ± 46.65 | 57.44 | |
| Both almost equally | 30 | 53.90 ± 72.60 | 49.10 | 0.248 |
| Number of serves of beef a week | ||||
| Less than 2 | 60 | 50.3 ± 60.7 | 48.45 | |
| 2 or more | 40 | 58.5 ± 71.1 | 53.58 | 0.384 |
| Number of serves of chicken a week | ||||
| Less than 2 | 32 | 57.4 ± 59.4 | 52.56 | |
| 2 or more | 68 | 51.8 ± 67.6 | 49.53 | 0.624 |
| Number of serves of fish a week | ||||
| Less than 2 | 74 | 49.3 ± 61.5 | 48.76 | |
| 2 or more | 26 | 66.0 ± 73.5 | 55.46 | 0.308 |
| Number of serves of yoghurt a day | ||||
| Less than once a day | 19 | 35.2 ± 44.8 | 41.00 | |
| Everyday or more | 81 | 58.0 ± 68.2 | 52.73 | 0.111 |
| Number of serves of lamb a week | ||||
| Less than 3 | 55 | 57.9 ± 71.0 | 51.12 | |
| 3 or more | 45 | 48.4 ± 56.8 | 49.74 | 0.813 |
| Number of serves of eggs a week | ||||
| Less than 2 | 42 | 51.4 ± 65.0 | 48.86 | |
| 2 or more | 58 | 55.2 ± 65.3 | 51.69 | 0.628 |
| Number of serves of cheese a week | ||||
| Less than 4 | 42 | 57.0 ± 85.1 | 46.69 | |
| 4 or more | 58 | 51.2 ± 45.6 | 53.26 | 0.261 |
| Number of serves of milk a day | ||||
| Less than once a day | 76 | 56.3 ± 69.2 | 51.09 | |
| Everyday or more | 24 | 45.1 ± 49.1 | 48.62 | 0.715 |
| Do you get fat off meat before eating? | ||||
| Never, Rarely | 49 | 63.84 ± 72.08 | 53.46 | |
| Sometimes | 12 | 41.92 ± 44.38 | 49.00 | |
| Always, Usually | 39 | 44.38 ± 59.68 | 47.24 | 0.593 |
| Do you wash fruits and vegetables before eating? | ||||
| Sometimes, Usually | 7 | 37.60 ± 57.13 | 42.21 | |
| Always | 93 | 54.8 ± 65.5 | 51.12 | 0.430 |
| Do you peel fruits and vegetables before eating? | ||||
| Never, Rarely | 9 | 63.00 ± 60.47 | 54.17 | |
| Sometimes | 24 | 46.79 ± 51.42 | 46.90 | |
| Always, Usually | 67 | 54.81 ± 70.11 | 51.30 | 0.751 |
| Mother’s Education | ||||
| Under High School | 11 | 95.18 ± 106.18 | 64.91 | |
| High School or Diploma | 56 | 45.66 ± 59.91 | 46.18 | |
| University | 33 | 53.27 ± 51.17 | 53.03 | 0.119 |
| Mother’s Employment | ||||
| Working | 27 | 53.44 ± 48.60 | 55.07 | |
| Unemployed | 73 | 53.7 ± 70.2 | 48.81 | 0.335 |
| Exposed to passive smoking at home | ||||
| Yes | 13 | 43.23 ± 58.36 | 44.12 | 0.392 |
| No | 87 | 55.17 ± 65.94 | 51.45 | |
*according to non-parametric tests