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. 2018 Dec 3;8:17531. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-35719-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Histopathology of DKO testes and epididymides: Representative microphotographs of paraffin testis (A–D) and distal caput epididymis (E–H) sections from WT, Group 1 (DKO1) and Group 2 (DKO2) DKO mice stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Normal histology is seen in WT mice (A,E) and DKO1 mice (B,F). In contrast, testis and epididymis sections from DKO2 mice exhibited lymphomononuclear cell infiltrate in lumen and insterstitium (C,D,H) (L: lymphocytes and M: macrophages). Foci of seminiferous tubules severely damaged showing sloughing of germ cells, aspermatogenesis (asterisk) and atrophy (C). In epididymis of DKO2 mice, damage is represented by epithelial cytoplasmic vacuolization (G, arrowheads) and thinning of the epididymal epithelium in a tubule also showing evaginations (H, arrow) In all cases, DKO2 correspond to the enlarged organs from either unilateral- or bilaterally affected mice.