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Experimental chamber design for this study. Plants in replicate chambers one and three were exposed to ambient CO2 conditions (400 ppm–black outline) and plants in replicate chambers two and four were exposed to 560 ppm CO2 conditions (red outline). Each chamber was divided by a shade net to reduce light intensity by up to 80% (see methodology for further detail). Within each treatment a total of 16 individuals per species were grown under treatment conditions for 272 days.
