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Operant licking device for oral alcohol self-administration. The device has a lick sensor that records licking events from both the active and inactive spouts. Licking on the active spout meeting a variable ratio schedule triggers the syringe pump to push one drop (60 μl) of alcohol to the tip of the spout. A visual cue (an LED) is turned on for 1 s with each reward. Licking on the inactive spout has no programed consequence.
