Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of study sample overall and by classification*.
| Variable | Overall cohort (n = 333) | Superior (n = 95) | Good (n = 87) | Poor (n = 96) | Deficient (n = 55) | p-value ∧ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % Female | 53 | 48 | 55 | 58 | 47 | 0.43 |
| % Caucasian | 77 | 83 | 72 | 73 | 80 | 0.19 |
| % Moderate Visual Impairment | 15 | 13 | 12 | 20 | 16 | 0.39 |
| % with Neuropathy | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 0.91 |
| Age (years) | 76.53 (6.22) 65–93 | 76.02 (5.84) 65–92 | 75.72 (5.67) 66–91 | 76.98 (6.85) 65–93 | 77.93 (6.38) 67–92 | 0.15 |
| Education (years) | 15.02 (2.92) 5–21 | 15.14 (2.59) 8–21 | 15.10 (3.07) 5–21 | 15.08 (2.96) 8–21 | 14.54 (3.19) 7–21 | 0.62 |
| GHS (0–10) | 1.14 (0.96) 0–4 | 0.84 (0.83) 0–3 | 1.13 (0.96) 0–4 | 1.34 (0.94) 0–3 | 1.35 (1.09) 0–4 | 0.00 |
| RBANS Total Score (65–135) | 93.99 (11.59) 65–132 | 95.29 (11.65) 76–130 | 95.51 (11.11) 65–118 | 92.89 (10.90) 65–132 | 91.15 (12.94) 65–126 | 0.06 |
| Overall RT (ms) | 403.35 (118.36) 243–1,322 | 391.79 (91.47) 258–822 | 387.19 (79.74) 243–764 | 401.65 (116.39) 248–944 | 451.85 (185.87) 278–1,322 | 0.01 |
| Somatosensory RT (ms) | 441.53 (121.49) 252–1,228 | 429.97 (103.04) 273–880 | 429.52 (92.71) 271–743 | 437.67 (118.39) 252–905 | 487.23 (176.89) 289–1,228 | 0.02 |
| Visual RT (ms) | 404.95 (127.92) 233–1,425 | 395.95 (94.57) 262–805 | 387.58 (97.54) 233–1,050 | 404.58 (130.08) 250–1,019 | 448.58 (193.77) 275–1,425 | 0.04 |
| Multisensory VS RT (ms) | 364.37 (120.02) 213–1,318 | 349.84 (86.18) 239–781 | 346.44 (69.88) 226–617 | 362.71 (119.11) 213–914 | 420.74 (196.90) 245–1,318 | 0.00 |
| RT facilitation time (ms) | 30.36 (36.20) −135 to 148 | 38.07 (26.69) −45 to 148 | 33.88 (22.12) −24 to 84 | 26.71 (43.83) −135 to 132 | 17.83 (48.50) −123 to 112 | 0.08 |
| VS integration # | 0.04 (0.14) −0.32 to 0.41 | 0.16 (0.09) 0.04–0.41 | 0.08 (0.08) −0.05 to 0.30 | −0.05 (0.12) −0.31 to 0.26 | −0.11 (0.08) −0.32 to 0.01 | 0.00 |
| Velocity (cm/s) | 100.35 (21.52) 49–167 | 105.46 (21.39) 55–167 | 102.60 (19.35) 60–150 | 96.60 (21.02) 49–143 | 94.47 (23.70) 52–153 | 0.00 |
| Stride Length (cm) | 117.07 (18.91) 66–165 | 122.06 (17.91) 70–158 | 118.62 (16.50) 72–165 | 114.47 (18.67) 66–155 | 110.57 (22.13) 70–162 | 0.00 |
| Double Support % | 31.50 (4.96) 18–48 | 30.52 (4.91) 18–48 | 30.59 (4.35) 22–45 | 32.44 (5.10) 21–48 | 32.99 (5.14) 23–47 | 0.00 |
| Swing Time (s) | 0.40 (0.04) 0.27–0.59 | 0.40 (0.05) 0.31–0.59 | 0.40 (0.04) 0.32–0.49 | 0.40 (0.04) 0.27–0.51 | 0.39 (0.05) 0.27–0.57 | 0.29 |
| Cadence (steps/min) | 102.84 (11.45) 69–148 | 103.76 (12.25) 69–148 | 103.99 (11.10) 83–132 | 101.13 (10.83) 73–130 | 102.43 (11.53) 69–127 | 0.30 |
| Stance Time (s) | 0.78 (0.11) 0.50–1.20 | 0.76 (0.10) 0.50–1.10 | 0.76 (0.10) 0.56–1.02 | 0.79 (0.11) 0.62–1.20 | 0.79 (0.12) 0.60–1.18 | 0.09 |
| Stride Length Variability (SD) | 3.70 (2.00) 0–13 | 3.53 (1.84) 1–13 | 3.32 (1.84) 0–8 | 3.99 (2.18) 1–13 | 4.07 (2.05) 1–10 | 0.05 |
| Swing Time Variability (SD) | 0.02 (0.01) 0.00–0.13 | 0.02 (0.02) 0.00–0.13 | 0.02 (0.01) 0.00–0.06 | 0.02 (0.01) 0.00–0.06 | 0.02 (0.02) 0.00–0.07 | 0.21 |
*
Values are presented as mean ± SD for continuous variables and % for dichotomous variable.
#
Area under the curve of the CDF difference wave over the 0–10% percentile.
∧
Result of Between Groups One-Way ANOVAs.