Figure 3.
TNC promotes pancreatic cancer cell proliferation via the modulation of AKT/FOXO1 signals. (A) The flow cytometry cell cycle analyses of PANC-1 cell growth were evaluated after treatment with TNC or TNC+LY294002/siAKT/FOXO1. (B) Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression of AKT, pAKT, CDK4 and cyclin D1 in PANC-1 cells after the indicated treatment. (C) PANC-1 cells were preincubated with LY294002 or DMSO for 1 h before exogenous TNC stimulation. Cells were harvested at the indicated time, and the levels of phosphorylated AKT, FOXO1 and the subcellular expression of pFOXO1 in the cell nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions were analysed by western blot. Data represent the mean ± the s.d. (n = 3, *P < 0.05).