FIGURE 8.

Schematic figure showing the role of mitochondrial fission in blue light-induced apoptosis in retinal neuronal R28 cells. Blue light insult stimulates mitochondrial fission through the alterations in mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins. The excessive fission disrupts mitochondrial functions, thereby enhancing the intracellular ROS production and decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential. The increased ROS induces cellular apoptosis or conversely impinges on mitochondrial dynamics. Furthermore, the mitochondria with disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential after blue light exposure are removed by mitophagy, although its role in cellular survival remains to be elucidated.