Table 1.
Characteristics of participants.
| General and socio-demographic characteristics | |
|---|---|
| Participants (N) | 26 |
| Age (mean ± SD) | 70.0 ± 3.8 years |
| Gender (N: males/females) | 13/13 |
| Handedness (N: right/left) | 26/0 |
| Race | |
| - Caucasian/other | 26/0 |
| Highest education level (N) | |
| - Secondary | 11 |
| - Post-secondary | 15 |
| Anthropometry (mean ± SD) | |
| - Height | 1.64 ± 0.11 m |
| - Weight | 72.4 ± 13.8 kg |
| - BMI | 26.7 ± 2.9 kg/m2 |
| - Overweight∗ (N: yes/no) | 19/7 |
| Lifestyle habits | |
| Physical activity∗∗ (N: regular/sedentary) | 19/7 |
| Smoking (N: yes/no) | |
| - Currently smoking | 0/26 |
| - History of smoking | 13/13 |
| Medical characteristics | |
| Chronic disease (N: yes/no) - Diagnostic (N) | 15/11-Arthritis (3); Benign prostatic hyperplasia (2); Crohn disease (1); Diabetes (2); Hypercholesterolemia (5); Hypertension (10); Hypothyroidism (3); Intercostal neuralgia (1); Osteoarthritis (4); Sleep apnea (1); Tinnitus (1) |
| Chronic medication intake (N: yes/no) | 17/9 |
| - Main effect (Drug)∗∗∗ | Anticholesteremic (Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin, Simvastatin); Anticoagulant (Rivaroxaban); Antidepressant/anxiolytic (Escitalopram, Hydroxyzine, Trazodone, Venlafaxine); Antidiabetic (Glyburide, Metformin, Pioglitazone, Saxagliptin, Sitagliptin); Antihypertensive (Amlodipine, Amiloride, Cilazapril, Diltiazem, Hydrochlorothiazide, Irbesartan, Lisinopril, Losartan, Metoprolol, Quinapril, Telmisartan, Valsartan); Anti-inflammatory (Acetaminophen, Acetylsalicylic acid, Celecoxib, Hydroxychloroquine); Antiosteoporotic (Alendronate); BPH-medication (Alfuzosin, Dutasteride, Tamsulosin); Chemotherapy agent/immune system suppressant (Methotrexate); Gastric acid inhibitor (Esomeprazole, Omeprazole, Pantoprazole); Hormone replacement therapy (Estrone, Levothyroxine, Premarin); Laxative (Docusate); Topical corticosteriod (Clobetasol); Uric acid synthesis inhibitor (Allopurinol) |
∗Overweight is defined as BMI ≥ 25. ∗∗Regular physical activity was defined as ≥ 1 session per week. ∗∗∗Drugs in bold are those passing through the blood brain barrier (source: www.drugbank.ca). BMI, body mass index (weight/height2); N, number of participants.