Figure 2.

Ca²⁺-mediated astroglial hyperexcitability requires P2Y₁R activation. (A) Aligned traces of multiple Ca²⁺ oscillations from two representative CT and KD astrocytes recorded in basal conditions (ACSF medium) and (B) 20 min after the addition of the selective P2Y₁R antagonist MRS2179 (10 μM, MRS) in the perfusion system. (C) Cumulative distribution plots of the spontaneous Ca²⁺ events before and after the application MRS. (D) Percentage of FTs (left) and STs (right) per astrocyte before and after the treatment with the antagonist. (E) Summary graphs of the mean frequency (left) and FT/ST index (right) obtained before and 20 min after the addition of MRS from both CT and KD groups. Notice that MRS affects astrocyte Ca²⁺-dependent activity only in the KD group, but did not modify any parameter of the Ca²⁺ signals measured in the CT group. Statistics: Shapiro-Wilk test was employed for the distribution analysis of astrocytic Ca²⁺ signals. Mann-Whitney test and paired T-test were used for single comparisons; ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc analysis for multiple comparisons (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001).