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. 2018 Nov 27;9:1651. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01651

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Copyright © 2018 Quiñonez Uribe, Luther, Diaz-Maue and Richter.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Global illumination for cardioversion. (A) Shows the pseudoECG signal during arrhythmia evocation via electrical pacing and termination using global illumination (green overlay indicates electrical pacing at 50 Hz, 30 pulse). The arrhythmic conditions were terminated with a 1 s stimulation pulse (indicated in blue), during which the normal sinus rhythm already returned. (B) Summary of the influence of intensity and pulse duration on cardioversion attempts. Successful optogenetic defibrillation rates (percentage of successful attempts reported as mean ± SEM, N = 6). (C) Visualizes the effect of the termination pulse shown in (A) in more detail. Two time points were defined in order to characterize the moment of arrhythmia termination for the 1 s pulses: t_last (green arrow), which denotes the last peak of the arrhythmia and t_sin (brown arrow), which denotes the first peak of the sinus rhythm during optogenetic stimulation. (D) Charts indicating the effect of intensity on cardioversion times in percentage of arrhythmia terminated in those periods of t_last (left) and t_sin (right) for 0.56 mW mm-2 (N = 47), 0.25 mW mm-2 (N = 40), 0.08 mW mm-2 (N = 33).