Table 2.

Correlates of loneliness in the older adults in Shanghai, total sample

	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4
	B	SE	B	SE	B	SE	B	SE
Age	0.05**	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.02	−0.01	0.02
Gender (female = 0)	0.26	0.22	0.45*	0.22	0.24	0.22	0.17	0.21
Urban Hukou (rural = 0)	−0.79**	0.28	− 0.65*	0.27	− 0.73**	0.26	− 0.52*	0.26
Marital status (married = 0)
Single	2.71*	1.18	2.33*	1.15	2.39*	1.10	2.46*	1.10
Divorced	3.37***	0.75	3.10***	0.73	2.11**	0.70	2.27**	0.70
Widowed	0.25	0.38	0.21	0.37	0.29	0.36	0.34	0.35
Education (primary school or lower =0)
Junior high	0.03	0.30	0.13	0.29	0.23	0.28	0.47	0.28
High	−1.40***	0.34	− 1.20***	0.34	−0.96**	0.32	−0.37	0.34
Bachelor	−1.66***	0.37	−1.36***	0.36	− 1.05**	0.35	−0.15	0.38
Living arrangement (living with others = 0)	0.91*	0.39	1.04**	0.39	0.92*	0.37	0.88*	0.37
Self-rated health			−1.19***	0.13	−0.93***	0.13	−0.91***	0.13
IADL			0.62**	0.19	0.33	0.19	0.28	0.19
Chronic disease			0.15*	0.06	0.17**	0.06	0.17**	0.06
Family functioning					−4.31***	0.31	− 4.16***	0.31
Chatting with neighbors					−0.15***	0.03	−0.15***	0.03
Volunteering (no = 0)					−0.88**	0.33	−0.86**	0.33
Playing mahjong					−0.07	0.04	−0.07	0.04
Dancing					−0.13*	0.06	−0.10	0.06
Media use							−0.59***	0.09
R2	4.5%		8.9%		16.7%		17.8%

Note. *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001. IADL instrumental activities of daily living