Table 3.
CNC and CNF sample characteristics and performance in emulsion stabilization. The scale starts at the lowest/poorest performance (+) and moves up to very good performance (++++).
| Sample | Structure | Hydrophilicity Level | Oil Droplet Size in Emulsion | Emulsion Stability against Coalescence | Stabilization Mechanism |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NON-F-CNF | Fibrils | Low | + | not stable | - |
| SF-CNF | Fibrils | Very Low | ++++ | +++ | web-formation |
| SF-CNC | Crystals | Moderate | +++ | ++ | - |
| REF-CNC | Crystals | Moderate | ++ | + | Flat, homogeneous cover on oil surface |