Figure 2.

Chemical structures of compounds isolated from RPH. RPH (1.5 kg) was fractioned using various organic chemicals and columns as described in “Materials and Methods”. Finally, five single components were identified from RPH, and then structure of each component was analyzed using ESI-MS, ¹H-NMR, and ¹³C-NMR spectrum. Inhibitory effects of each fraction identified from organic chemicals were determined in the expression of MMP13 (data not shown). Structures of (1), (2), (3), (4), or (5) indicate (−)-pinoresinol 4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, (−)-marmesinin, columbianetin β-d-glucopyranoside, isomucronulatol 7-O-β-d-glucoside (IMG) and ecliptasaponin A (ES), respectively.