Effect of starch concentration on immobilization yield and recovered activity of PPL CLEAs. Assay conditions: treatment of PPL surface with dodecyl aldehyde (PPL/dodecyl aldehyde mass ratio of 1:1), precipitation with ethanol (enzyme solution/ethanol volume ratio of 1:3), co-aggregation with co-feeder (PPL/BSA/SMNPs mass ratio of 1:1.5:1.5 and starch concentration from 0.2 to 1%, w/v), crosslinking with glutaraldehyde (5 µmoles of glutaraldehyde/mg total protein), temperature of 4 °C, 30 min precipitation/aggregation and 2.5 h crosslinking stirred at 150 rpm and incubation with α-amylase at 25 °C stirred at 150 rpm for 2 h.