SEM morphologies of polypyrrole (PPy) and its composites: (a) granular PPy and (b) PPy nanofibers, reprinted with permission from [39]. Copyright Elsevier, 2011; (c) PPy-HNT particles, reprinted with permission from [41]. Copyright Springer Nature, 2014; (d) PPy/MCM-41 particles, reprinted with permission from [43]. Copyright Elsevier, 2010; (e) PPy-polycaprolactone (PPy-PCL) composites, reprinted with permission from [44]. Copyright Springer Nature, 2007; and, core-shell structures of (f) PPy-silica, reprinted with permission from [48]. Copyright RSC Publishing, 2016 and (g) PPy-TiO2, reprinted with permission from [49]. Copyright Springer Nature, 2011.