Immunostaining for O4 was used for the identification of primary human OPCs. EdU incorporation assay was used to measure OPC proliferation. (A), almost all EdU positive cells were O4 positive cells. (B), OPCs treated with sup from activated T cells (Act T) show increased proliferation compared to control cells (Ctrl) while OPCs treated with sup from restive T cells (Res T) show no increased proliferation. The increased proliferation of OPCs was attenuated by VEGF-A inhibitor SU1498. (C), Sups from 293 cells transfected with VEGF-A plasmid show increased proliferation compared to sups from cells transfected with a control plasmid (Plasmid Ctrl), but was attenuated by VEGF-A inhibitor SU1498. Data represent mean ± SEM from three independent experiments. N=3 for B and C, *P<0.05, ***P<0.001