17β-HSD	17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
ACC1	acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1
ACE	angiotensin converting enzyme
ACO	1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase
AGE	advanced glycation end products
AGPAT	1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 1
AgRP	agouti-related peptide
ALT	alanine transaminase
AMPK	5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
Ang-I	angiotensin I
Ang-II	angiotensin II
AST	aspartate transaminase
AT-1	angiotensin II type 1 receptor
BMI	body mass index
BMR	basal metabolic rate
BUN	blood urea nitrogen
Ca	calcium
CAT	catalase
Cl	chloride
CNS	central nervous system
CPT1	carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1A
CRE	creatinine
CRP	c-reactive protein
CVD	cardiovascular diseases
DGAT	diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase 1
DPPH	2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
E1	estrone
E2	estradiol
FFA	free fatty acids
GPATR	glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase
GSH	glutathione
GSH-Px	glutathione peroxidase
HDL	high density lipoprotein
HFD	high fat diet
HMG-CoA	β-hydroxy, β methyl glutaryl COA
ICAM	Intercellular Adhesion Molecule
IGF1	IGF binding protein 1
IL-1	interleukin 1
IL-6	interleukin 6
K	potassium
LDL	low density lipoprotein
LPO	lipid peroxidation
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinases
MCH	melanin concentrating hormone
MDA	melondialdehyde
Mg	magnesium
mRNA	messenger ribonucleic acids
Na	sodium
NF-χB	nuclear factor kappa B
NO	nitric oxide
NPY	neuropeptide Y
OGTT	oral glucose tolerance test
P	phosphorus
POMC	pro-opiomelanocortin
PPAR-α	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
PUFA	poly unsaturated fatty acids
RAS	renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
ROS	reactive oxygen species
SCD1	stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1
SCFA	short chain fatty acids
SCFA	short chain fatty acids
SOD	superoxide dismutase
SREBP-1c	sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1
STZ	streptozotocin
T-AOC	total antioxidant capacity
TBARS	thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
TC	total cholesterol
TG	triglycerides
TNF-α	tumour necrosis factor-α
UCP2	mitochondrial uncoupling proteins 2
UCP3	mitochondrial uncoupling proteins 3
VCAM	vascular cell adhesion molecule
VLDL	very low density lipoprotein
WHO	world health organization
WLS	weight loss surgery
Δ4A	Δ4-androstenedione