Table 1. Comparison of structural characterization and electrochemical performance of the recent reports on the high performance anode materials for LIBs.

Morphology	Composite	Current (A g–1)	Voltage range (V)	Mass loading (g cm–1)	Reversible capacity after n cycles	Ref. (volume and page numbers)
Hollow spheres	Ni(HCO3)2	1	0.01–3	1.5 ± 0.2	1055 mA h g–1 (n = 80)	50, ACS Energy Lett., 2, 111–116
Nanostructured porous	MnCO3 spheres	5	0.01–3	—	510 mA h g–1 (n = 2000)	49, Nanoscale, 7, 10146–10151
Nanoparticles	MnCO3/graphene	2	0.01–3	—	1050 mA h g–1 (n = 1100)	57, Adv. Mater., 27, 806–812
MnxCo1–xCO3/rGO	Mn0.7Co0.3CO3/rGO	2	0.01–3	—	901 mA h g–1 (n = 1500)	52, Adv. Funct. Mater., 28, 1705817
Micro-spheric	MnxNiyZnzCO3	1	0.01–3	—	760 mA h g–1 (n = 1000)	53, Small, 14, 1702574
Nanosheets	MoS2/graphene	1	0.01–3	∼1	1250 mA h g–1 (n = 150)	75, Adv. Energy Mater., 8, 1702254
Hollow ball-in-ball nanostructure	NiO/Ni/graphene	2	0.01–3	—	962 mA h g–1 (n = 1000)	76, ACS nano, 10, 377–386
Hollow nanotubes	Si–Cu alloy	3.4	0.01–1.1	0.18–0.21(Si)	1005 mA h g–1 (n = 1000)	77, Adv. Funct. Mater., 26, 524–531
Layer-by-layer	Co3O4/graphene	0.16	0.01–3	—	1502 mA h g–1 (n = 300)	78, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 56, 1869–1872
Liquid metal	Sn–Ga alloy	4	0.005–3	—	400 mA h g–1 (n = 4000)	5, Energy Environ. Sci. (10, 1854–1861)
3D nanoporous	SiGe	1	0.1–1	—	1158 mA h g–1 (n = 150)	79, ACS nano, 12, 2900–2908
Hollow nanoparticles	CoO@BNG nanotubes	1.75	0.01–3	0.54–0.65	400 mA h g–1 (n = 480)	80, Adv. Mater., 30, 1705441
Nanoparticles	MgH2/graphene	2	0.001–3	—	395 mA h g–1 (n = 1000)	81, ACS nano, 12, 3816–3824
Yolk–double shell spheres	NiCo2V2O8	1	0.01–1.5	0.8–1	1228 mA h g–1 (n = 500)	32, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 57, 2899–2903
3D layered nanocubes	Ni(HCO3)2/rGO	5	0.01–3	1–1.3	1535 mA h g–1 (n = 1000)	This work
		10			803 mA h g–1 (n = 2000)