Figure 2.

Muscle protein synthesis in male and female rats receiving acute alcohol administration. Values are means ± SEM. *P < 0.05 compared to respective basal control value. ND = not detectable. There were no statistical differences between male and female rats for any parameter examined. Panels A, B and C, protein synthesis, T389‐phosphorylation of S6K1, and the blood alcohol concentration determined at various time points (1–24 h) after oral gavage of 75 mmol/kg of alcohol. Sample size equals 8–10 rats per time point for both male and female rats. Panel D, protein synthesis determined at 4 h in response to various doses of alcohol. Sample size equals 7–8 rats per dose of alcohol for both male and female rats. Panel E, S6K1 phosphorylation (surrogate marker of protein synthesis) in response to IGF‐I under control conditions and at various times after or gavage of alcohol. Sample size equals 8–9 rats per treatment group for each male and female rat. Panel F, effect of 4‐methylpyrazole (MP) inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase activity prior to oral gavage of alcohol (75 mmol/kg); n = 6 rats in each group. Data in panels A, B, D, E, and F were analyzed by one‐way ANOVA with Dunnett's post hoc test against the sex‐specific Time = 0 control value. Additionally, differences between mean values for male versus female rats at the same time point or ethanol dose were compared using a pooled Student's t‐test.