Table.

Studies included in the systematic review

				Exclusion criteria
	Clinical criteria	Radiologic criteria	No. of EOA patients	Labs	Patient characteristics	Family history of psoriasis
1 [17]	“… onset abrupt and painful”	Radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis	170		History of psoriasis
	Nodal enlargement of small joints of hands				History or laboratory evidence of other rheumatic diseases
2 [18]		Osseous production or osteophytes of the PIP or DIP joints	15
		Erosions of the PIP and DIP joints
		Absence of erosions at the inferior radioulnar or carpal articulations
3 [19]	Symptomatic polyarticular IP hand OA affecting more than three rays of each hand— Heberden’s node formation	Subchondral erosions in three or more rays of each hand	10		Unrelated to obvious trauma
4 [20]	Symptomatic polyarticular IP hand OA affecting more than three rays of each hand	Subchondral erosions in three or more rays of each hand	10		History of clinical, radiographic, or serological evidence of additional arthropathy
	Heberden’s node formation
5 [21]	“Presence of pain or stiffness in the fingers”	K/L grade III or IV OA in at least one joint with erosion of subchondral bone	19
6 [22]		Bony erosions, collapse of subchondral plate or joint ankyloses of DIPs, PIPs, thumb IP joint, or MCPs	33		History of serologic or radiologic evidence of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, SLE, or CPPD
7 [23]	“…frank painful arthritis of PIP, DIP, and TMC joints.”	Joint-space narrowing and central joint erosions of PIP, DIP, and TMC joints	24		History of psoriasis, diabetes, spondyloarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, and tenosynovitis	Yes
					Juxta-articular osteoporosis
					Marginal erosions “Laboratory abnormalities”
8 [24]	“Inflammatory arthritis of PIP and DIP ....”	Evidence of OA and also bone erosions, collapse of subchondral plates, or joint ankylosis	15		History of other rheumatologic disorders known to cause articular changes
9 [25]	ACR criteria for hand OA	Subchondral erosions and ankylosis of IP joints	20		History of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, spondyloarthritis, and hyperparathyroidism
10 [26]	“… acute, with pain, swelling, and tenderness of the joints.”	Presence of ≥3 subchondral erosions in DIPs, PIPs, 1st CMC, and trapezioscaphoid joints	28	RF+
11 [27]	“… phlogistic involvement of the DIP and PIP joints of each hand …”	“Typical” central erosions in IP joints	56	RF+ ANA+	History of psoriatic arthritis or psoriasis, RA, gout, pseudogout, Raynaud’s phenomenon, or undifferentiated spondyloarthropathies
12 [28]		≥ 1 Central erosion in DIP and/or PIP	24		History of other erosive inflammatory and “dysmetabolic” conditions
13 [29]	ACR criteria for hand OA	Central erosions	21		Post-menopausal Disease duration > 5 years
14 [30]	“Inflammatory involvement of the DIP and/or PIP joints of each hand.”	“Typical EOA radiographic findings”	56
15 [31]	ACR criteria for hand OA	≥ 1 Joint erosions in thumb IP, DIPs, PIPs, and CMC-1	101
16 [32]	ACR criteria for hand OA	Radiographic central erosions and/or ankyloses in the IP joints of the hands in at least three digits	26		History of inflammatory arthritis, psoriasis, or CPPD.
		Absence of erosions in the MCPs, carpal joints, or radio-carpal joint
17 [33]	ACR criteria for hand OA	≥ 1 Central erosion in DIP or PIP	24		History of other erosive inflammatory and “dysmetabolic” conditions
18 [34]	ACR criteria for hand OA	Central erosions and/or ankylosis in IP joints in at least three digits	30		Personal history of psoriasis	Yes
					History of other rheumatic or skeletal degenerative diseases
19 [35]	ACR criteria for hand OA	At least 2 erosions in IP joints	84
		No erosions in MCPs
20 [36]		“… typical EOA radiologic findings.”	32		History of psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, undifferentiated spondyloarthropathies, gout, and pseudogout
21 [37]	ACR criteria for hand OA	≥ 2 Erosions in DIP or PIP joints	67	RF+	History of other known arthropathies
		No erosions in MCPs
22 [38]	“Swelling, pain, and tenderness of DIP and PIP joints”	“Typical central erosions, subchondral plate collapse and bone ankyloses in combination with classical OA changes”	22	ESR > 20 mm/h CRP > 0.5 mg/dl	Radiographic signs of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, chondrocalcinosis, and gout
	Heberden’s and Bouchard’s nodes			RF+ ANA+
23 [39]	ACR criteria for hand OA	Central erosions, and/or ankylosis in the IP joints in at least 3 digits, associated with joint-space narrowing, subchondral sclerosis and/or osteophytes	15		History of psoriasis	Yes
24 [40]	ACR criteria for hand OA	≥ 1 Articular surface erosion at the DIP and/or PIP	12		History of SLE, psoriasis
25 [41]	ACR criteria for hand OA	K/L scoring	30		History of fracture, inflammatory disease (RA) or Paget’s disease.
26 [42]	High pain level on VAS	“Important radiographic erosions”	3	RF+ CCP+ ESR > 10 mm/h
27 [43]	ACR criteria for hand OA	Single erosion of PIP or DIP joint Kallman grading scale	55
28 [44]	ACR criteria for hand OA	Erosions on articular surface	22
29 [45]	ACR criteria for hand OA	Central articular erosions in at least 1 PIP or DIP joints	10	RF+ CCP+ ANA + ESR/CRP in normal range	History of concomitant rheumatic disease
30 [46]		Erosive OA PIP and DIP joints (excludes thumb)	18		History of other rheumatologic conditions
31 [47]	ACR criteria for hand OA	Erosions in the central joint area of the IP joints	18	RF+
32 [48]	ACR criteria for hand OA	“Typical erosive changes in two or more digits”	197		History of other inflammatory arthritides or psoriasis	Yes
33 [49]	ACR criteria for hand OA	Erosive features according to the V/V system in ≥ 2 IP joints	12
34 [50]	ACR criteria for hand OA	Classic central erosions in at least 2 joints	13	RF+	History of psoriasis, connective tissue disease, other inflammatory arthritides, inflammatory bowel diseases, gout, or chondrocalcinosis	Yes
35 [51]	ACR criteria for hand OA	Presence of erosions in at least 1 joint	31
36 [52]	ACR criteria for hand OA	Presence of central subchondral bone erosions in ≥ 2 IP joints of the hands	94	RF+ CCP+	History of other known arthropathies, radiographic chondrocalcinosis, or sacroillitis	Yes
37 [53]	ACR criteria for hand OA	EULAR recommendations for EOA	32		History of infections, cancer, renal, and liver diseases, cryoglobulinemia, scleroderma, sjogren syndrome, autoimmune thyroiditis, psoriatic arthritis undifferentiated spondyloarthropathies, gout, and pseudogout.
38 [54]	EULAR recommendations for the diagnosis of hand OA		9
39 [55]	ACR criteria for hand OA	≥ 1 Erosive IP finger joint	9
40 [56]	Self-reported hand pain	≥ 1 IP joint with erosions according to the V/V system	96
41] [57]	ACR criteria of hand OA	“Erosive pattern” K/L and Kallman scoring systems	233		History of clinical and laboratory features of chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases (including microcrystal diseases)	Yes
42 [58]	ACR criteria of hand OA	Kallman grading scale	31
43 [59]	ACR criteria for hand OA	≥ 1 IP finger joint in erosive phase of V/V system	60	RF+ CCP+	History of chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease
44 [60]	ACR criteria for hand OA	Presence of erosive features in ≥ 2 IP joints according to V/V system	167		History of other rheumatic diseases or disorders that can impair the functionality of the hand
45 [61]	Painful phase VAS score > 4/10 of two or more PIPs or DIPs	≥ 2 PIP or DIP with sharp marginal defects, central crumbling erosions	38		History of rheumatologic diseases
46 [62]	ACR criteria of hand OA	≥ 2 IP joints with central erosions	233	RF+	History of chronic inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, uveitis, connective tissue diseases, or psoriasis. History or evidence of microcrystalline arthritis.	Yes
47 [63]	ACR criteria for hand OA	≥ 2 Joints with erosive features according to V/V system	68
48 [64]		≥ 1 DIP/PIP joint with K/L grade > 2 and erosion in same joint	355
49 [65]	ACR criteria for hand OA	≥ 1 Central bone erosion in IP joints No erosions in MCP and/or thumb base joint	57		History of known arthropathies or psoriasis	Yes
50 [66]	Hand pain, aching, or stiffness > 1 day in last 1 month	≥ 1 “E or R” phase DIP, PIP, or 1st IP joints according to V/V system	80
51 [67]	Hand pain, aching, or stiffness > 1 day in last 1 month	Presence of erosions in IP joints according to V/V system	52		History of rheumatoid arthritis or psoriatic arthritis
52 [68]	ACR criteria for hand OA	≥ 1 Erosion in IP joint	13
53 [69]	Self-reported symptoms Presence of HN and/or BN	Central erosion in at least 2 IP joints	146
54 [70]	ACR criteria for hand OA	≥ 1 Erosive IP joint	9		History of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, or gout
55 [71]	ACR criteria for hand OA	> 1 “E or R” phase joint according to V/V	28	RF+	History of other inflammatory joint disease or disorders such as carpel tunnel syndrome History of trauma or operation on the hands < 6 months ago
56 [72]	Hand pain on a few days or more in previous month	≥ 1 “E or R” phase IP joints according to V/V system	80		History of rheumatoid arthritis or psoriatic arthritis
57 [73]	ACR criteria for hand OA	IP joint central erosions	24
58 [74]	Hand pain ≥ 1 day in last 1 month	≥ “E or R” phase in CMC, DIP, PIP, or 1st IP joints according to V/V system			History of systemic inflammatory rheumatic disease History of inflammatory changes on radiographs
59 [75]	ACR criteria for hand OA	≥ 1 Erosion in DIP or PIP joint	14		History of any autoimmune disease including psoriasis
60 [76]	ACR criteria for hand OA	≥ 1 Joints with central erosions joints with grade ≥ 2 according to K/L	131		History of inflammatory joint diseases
61 [77]	ACR criteria for hand OA	Central erosions in IP joints Erosions in MCP joints	55		History of trauma or other arthropathies including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, or chondrocalcinosis
62 [78]	ACR criteria for hand OA	“Gull-wing” configuration at DIP and/or PIP joints	17		History of arthritis/arthralgia involving the hand, such as rheumatoid arthritis, peripheral spondyloarthritis, hemochromatosis, traumatic arthritis, crystalline arthritis, and fibromyalgia.

ACR = American College of Rheumatology, EULAR = European League Against Rheumatism, EOA = erosive osteoarthritis, OA = osteoarthritis, K/L = Kellgren and Lawrence, V/V = Verbruggen and Veys, DIP = distal interphalangeal, PIP = proximal interphalangeal, MCP = metacarpalphalangeal, IP = interphalangeal, CMC = carpometacarpal, VAS = visual analog scale, HN = Heberden’s nodes, BN = Bouchard’s nodes, “E or R” = erosive or remodeled.