Table 2. Summary of 38 eligible articles.
| Prediction models | Country | Study design | Study period | Study population | Sample size | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Collaborative Integrated Pregnancy High-dependency Estimate of Risk [Payne] | 17 countries | Retrospective cohort* | 2000–12 | ICU | 477 | Antepartum and postpartum mortality |
| Combined WHO criteria: laboratory and management criteria [Cecatti] | Brazil | Retrospective cohort* | 2002–7 | All hospitalization | 673 | ICU mortality |
| Maternal Severity Index [Souza]***** | Brazil | Prospective cohort** | 2009–10 | All hospitalization | 82,388 | Hospital mortality |
| Maternal Severity Index [Souza] | 29 countries | Cross-sectional* | 2010–11 | All hospitalization | 314,623 | Hospital mortality |
| Maternal Severity Index [Haddad]***** | Brazil | Cross-sectional* | 2009–10 | All hospitalization | 9,555 | Hospital mortality |
| Obstetric early warning score, Modified Early Obstetric Warning System, the confidential enquiries into maternal death Obstetric EWS, the royal college of physician's non-obstetric NEWS [Carle]**** | United Kingdom | Retrospective cohort** | 1995–2008 | ICU | 4,440 | ICU mortality |
| Obstetric early warning score [Paternina-Caicedo] | Colombia | Retrospective cohort* | 2006–11 | ICU | 702 | Antepartum and postpartum mortality |
| Maternal mortality Score [Huchon] | Senegal and Mali | Prospective cohort** | 2007–8 | All hospitalization | 43,624 for development, 46,328 for validation | Hospital mortality |
| SOFA [Kallur] | India | Retrospective cohort* | 2011–12 | ICU | 69 | Mortality *** |
| SOFA [Oliveira-Neto] | Brazil | Retrospective cohort* | 2002–7 | ICU | 673 | ICU mortality |
| SOFA [Jain] | India | Prospective cohort* | 2010–11 | ICU | 90 | ICU mortality |
| APACHE II, SOFA [Simsek] | Turkey | Retrospective cohort* | 1999–2009 | ICU | 63 | ICU mortality |
| APACHEII, SOFA [Vasquez] | Argentina | Prospective cohort* | 2012 | ICU | 362 | Hospital mortality |
| APACHE II, SAPS2, MPM2 [el-Solh] | United States | Retrospective cohort* | 1989–95 | ICU | 93 | Antepartum and postpartum mortality |
| MPM2 [Gupta] | India | Retrospective cohort* | 2009–10 | ICU | 24 | ICU mortality |
| SAPS2, 3 MPM2, 3 [Rojas-Suarez] | Colombia | Retrospective cohort* | 2006–11 | ICU | 726 | Mortality *** |
| APACHE II, SAPS2, APACHE III [Hazelgrove] | England | Retrospective cohort* | 1994–6 | ICU | 210 | Mortality *** |
| SAPS2 [Gombar] | India | Retrospective cohort* | 2007–12 | ICU | 151 | Mortality *** |
| APACHE II, SAPS2 [Lapinsky] | 6 countries | Retrospective cohort* | 1994–8 | ICU | 332 | Hospital mortality |
| APACHE II SAPS2 [Mjahed] | Morocco | Retrospective cohort* | 1995–2002 | ICU | 364 | Hospital mortality |
| SAPS2 [Gilbert] | United States | Cohort, unknown pro/retro* | 1991–1998 | ICU | 233 | Hospital mortality |
| SAPS2 [Tempe] | India | Retrospective cohort* | 2002–04 | ICU | 57 | Hospital mortality |
| SAPS2 [Togal] | Turkey | Retrospective cohort* | 2006–09 | ICU | 73 | Mortality *** |
| APACHE II [Afessa] | United States | Retrospective cohort* | 1991–1998 | ICU | 74 | Hospital mortality |
| APACHE II [Aldawood] | Saudi Arabia | Retrospective cohort* | 1999–2009 | ICU | 75 | ICU mortality |
| APACHE II [Bhadade] | India | Prospective cohort* | 2009–10 | ICU | 122 | ICU mortality |
| APACHE II [Harde] | India | Prospective cohort* | 2011–12 | ICU | 61 | Mortality *** |
| APACHE II [Harrison]**** | United Kingdom | Retrospective cohort* | 1995–2003 | ICU | 1,902 | Hospital mortality |
| APACHE II [Karnad] | India | Retrospective cohort* | 1997–2001 | ICU | 453 | Mortality *** |
| APACHE II [Lenz] | Austria | Retrospective cohort* | March 1996- Oct 2001, Nov 2004-Jun 2005 | ICU | 80 | Hospital mortality |
| APACHE II [Lewinsohn] | Israel | Retrospective cohort* | non specific 8 years | ICU | 58 | Hospital mortality |
| APACHE II [Mahutte] | Canada | Retrospective cohort* | 1992–97 | ICU | 131 | ICU mortality |
| APACHE II [Muench] | United States | Prospective cohort* | Non specific 2 years | ICU | 34 | Mortality *** |
| APACHE II [Tang] | China | Retrospective cohort* | 1998–1995 | ICU | 49 | ICU mortality |
| APACHE II [Thakur] | United States | Retrospective cohort* | 2006–12 | ICU | 69 | ICU mortality |
| APACHE II, updated APACHE II [Paternina-Caicedo] | Colombia | Retrospective cohort* | 2006–11 | ICU | 654 | ICU mortality |
| APACHE II [Vasquez] | Argentina | Retrospective cohort* | 1998–2005 | ICU | 161 | ICU mortality |
| APACHE III [Crozier] | Australia | Retrospective cohort* | 2006–8 | ICU | 60 | Hospital mortality |
Abbreviations: WHO: World Health Organization, SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, APACHE: Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation, SAPS: Simplified Acute Physiology Score, MPM: Mortality Probability Model
* validation study
** development and validation study
*** without specific time period specified
**** Same cohort from ICNARC (Intensive Care National Audit and Research Center in United Kingdom)
*****Same cohort from The Brazilian Network for Surveil- lance of Severe Maternal Morbidity