Table 2.
Association of reported osteoarthritis (OA) and OA symptom severity to perceived memory loss (N = 719 with and 21,263 without reported history of memory loss) in Appalachian adults age 40 years or older (excluding those with history of stroke, Alzheimer's disease; fibromyalgia, rheumatoid arthritis, and other chronic pain syndromes, Parkinson's Disease, multiple sclerosis, or cancer)
| Reported History of Memory Loss* |
Adjusted for Age and Sex |
Adjusted for Age, Sex, Race, SES, Marital Status, Lifestyle Factors* |
Adjusted for Age, Sex, Race, SES, Marital Status, Menopausal Status, HRT, Lifestyle Factors†, BMI, Comorbidity‡, and Medications§ |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Yes | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | |
| Osteoarthritis | ||||||||
| No | 19,004 | 500 | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | |||
| Yes | 2,259 | 219 | 3.86 (3.23–4.62) | <0.00001 | 3.14 (2.62–3.76) | <0.00001 | 2.64 (2.18–3.20) | <0.00001 |
| OA joint pain severity | ||||||||
| No OA | 19,004 | 500 | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | |||
| OA with joint pain never/rarely | 208 | 10 | 1.96 (1.02–3.74) | 0.040 | 1.80 (0.83–1.03) | 0.08 | 1.75 (0.91–3.36) | 0.10 |
| OA with joint pain sometimes | 693 | 35 | 2.04 (1.42–2.92) | 0.0001 | 1.74 (1.21–2.50) | 0.003 | 1.56 (1.08–2.24) | 0.02 |
| OA with frequent joint pain | 1,358 | 174 | 4.98 (4.11–6.03) | <0.00001 | 3.93 (3.23–4.78) | <0.00001 | 3.25 (2.64–4.01) | <0.00001 |
| Test for trend | – | – | – | <0.00001 | – | <0.00001 | – | <0.00001 |
BMI = body mass index; CI = confidence interval; HRT = hormone replacement therapy; OA = osteoarthritis; OR = odds ratio; SES = socioeconomic status (includes years of education, annual household income, and employment status/disability).
Defined as a participant report of frequent short- or long-term memory loss.
Smoking (never, former, current); current alcohol consumption (yes/no); exercise (regular exercise program [yes/no]).
Includes reported physician diagnosis of comorbid conditions (heart, kidney, liver, immune, connective tissue, and thyroid disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or asthma).
Includes antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and other prescription medications.