Table 3.
Association of reported physician diagnosed osteoarthritis (OA) and OA symptom severity to perceived short- and long-term memory loss in 21,982 Appalachian adults age 40 years or older (excluding those with history of stroke, Alzheimer's disease, fibromyalgia, rheumatoid arthritis, and other chronic pain syndromes, Parkinson's Disease, multiple sclerosis, or cancer)
| Reported History of Memory Loss |
Adjusted for Age and Sex |
Adjusted for Age, Sex, Race, SES, Marital Status, Lifestyle Factors* |
Adjusted for Age, gender, Race, SES, Marital Status, Lifestyle Factors*, Menopausal Status, HRT, Comorbidity†, and Medications‡ |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Yes | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | |
| Short-term memory loss | ||||||||
| Osteoarthritis | ||||||||
| No | 19,105 | 399 | 1.00 (referent) | – | 1.00 (referent) | – | 1.00 (referent) | – |
| Yes | 2,293 | 584 | 3.97 (3.27–4.82) | <0.00001 | 3.20 (2.63–3.90) | <0.00001 | 2.68 (2.17–3.29) | <0.00001 |
| OA joint pain severity | ||||||||
| No OA | 19,105 | 399 | 1.00 (referent) | – | 1.00 (referent) | – | 1.00 (referent) | – |
| OA with joint pain never/rarely | 208 | 10 | 2.40 (1.25–4.59) | 0.008 | 2.21 (1.14–4.25) | 0.02 | 2.13 (1.10–4.12) | 0.02 |
| OA with joint pain sometimes | 700 | 28 | 1.99 (1.33–2.96) | 0.001 | 1.69 (1.13–2.52) | 0.01 | 1.49 (0.99–2.24 | 0.05 |
| OA with frequent joint pain | 1,385 | 147 | 5.11 (4.15–6.30) | <0.00001 | 3.99 (3.23–4.94) | <0.00001 | 3.29 (2.62–4.12) | <0.00001 |
| Test for trend | – | – | – | <0.00001 | – | <0.00001 | – | <0.00001 |
| Long-term memory loss | ||||||||
| Osteoarthritis | ||||||||
| No | 19,223 | 281 | 1.00 (referent) | – | 1.00 (referent) | – | 1.00 (referent) | – |
| Yes | 2,362 | 116 | 3.91 (3.08–4.96) | <0.00001 | 3.11 (2.44–3.96) | <0.00001 | 2.57 (1.99–3.33) | <0.00001 |
| OA joint pain severity | ||||||||
| No OA | 19,223 | 281 | 1.00 (referent) | – | 1.00 (referent) | – | 1.00 (referent) | – |
| OA with joint pain never/rarely | 217 | 1 | 0.39 (0.05–2.79) | 0.35 | 0.34 (0.05–2.47) | 0.29 | 0.33 (0.05–2.36) | 0.27 |
| OA with joint pain sometimes | 708 | 20 | 2.30 (1.43–3.68) | 0.0005 | 1.95 (1.21–3.13) | 0.006 | 1.73 (1.07–2.80) | 0.025 |
| OA with frequent joint pain | 1,437 | 95 | 5.07 (3.93–6.53) | <0.00001 | 3.92 (3.02–5.08) | <0.00001 | 3.21 (2.43–4.23) | <0.00001 |
| Test for trend | – | – | <0.00001 | <0.00001 | <0.00001 | |||
BMI = body mass index; CI = confidence interval; OA = osteoarthritis; OR = odds ratio; SES = socioeconomic status (includes years of education, annual household income, and employment status/disability).
Smoking (never, former, current); current alcohol consumption (yes/no); exercise (regular exercise program [yes/no]).
Includes reported physician diagnosis of comorbid conditions (heart, kidney, liver, immune, connective tissue, and thyroid disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or asthma).
Includes antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and other prescription medications.