Table 2.

Comparison of Pain Pressure Threshold (PPT) and Percentage Change (%Ch) Values are Showed as Mean ± Standard Deviation (SD) Between the Combination Therapy and Massage Therapy Groups

Groups	Day	PPT-Lumbar Region			PPT-Upper Trapezius
		Pre-	Post-	%Ch [95% CI] a	Pre-	Post-	%Ch [95% CI] a
CT	Day 1	472.28±98.64	560.09±90.10	19.95b,c [15.32 – 24.57] (0.93)	377.85±60.58	470.98±69.61	25.66b,c [20.74 – 30.57] (1.43)
	Day 2	565.34±100.50	658.88±110.75	16.92c [13.54–20.29] (0.88)	474.91±74.16	558.42±31.03	18.11c [14.32–21.89] (1.58)
	Day 3	661.38±124.79	762.08±129.20	15.68b,c [13.10–18.25] (0.79)	534.61±79.69	631.65±98.61	18.64b,c [14.34–22.93] (1.08)
MT	Day 1	440.64±215.47	512.65±227.23	19.42c [13.69–25.14] (0.32)	371.31±112.07	423.15±133.41	14.15c [7.64–20.65] (0.42)
	Day 2	528.76±214.35	587.85±235.06	12.25c,d [5.10–19.39] (0.26)	415.86±126.96	456.69±130.87	10.91c,d [6.46–15.35] (0.31)
	Day 3	598.69±242.74	665.73±255.85	12.88c,e [8.47–17.28] (0.25)	467.41±147.32	519.31±167.10	11.51c,e [7.18–15.83] (0.33)

^aCohen’s d effect size; unit: PPT (kPa)

^bCT vs. MT; p<.001

^cSignificant differences between pre–post (p<.01)

^dSignificant differences between pre-and post-values between Day 1 and Day 2; p<.05

^eSignificant differences between pre-and post-values between Day 1 and Day 3; p<.05