Table 2.
Predicted marginal means (95% CI) for semen parametersa over time among 936 men (contributing 1,618 semen samples) attending a fertility center in Boston between 2000 and 2017.
| Year of sample collection |
N (samples) |
Ejaculate Volume (mL) |
Sperm Concentration (mil/mL) |
Total Sperm Count (mil/ejaculate) |
Total Motility (%) |
Normal Morphologyb (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 151 | 2.69 (2.46, 2.92) | 72.8 (60.5, 87.6) | 168 (137, 206) | 52.0 (48.3, 55.6) | 7.49 (6.74, 8.25) |
| 2001 | 130 | 3.09 (2.81,3.38)* | 58.5 (47.4, 72.2) | 157 (126, 196) | 49.3 (45.1, 54.6) | 7.17 (6.42, 7.93) |
| 2002 | 93 | 3.43 (3.05, 3.81)* | 65.5 (52.0, 82.5) | 187 (148, 236) | 49.8 (45.1, 54.6) | 7.17 (6.29, 8.05) |
| 2003 | 73 | 3.28 (2.86, 3.71)* | 64.3 (50.3, 82.1) | 182 (141,232) | 48.3 (43.4, 53.2) | 7.16 (6.28, 8.03) |
| 2004 | 55 | 3.58 (3.08,4.07)* | 56.9 (42.6, 75.9) | 174 (132, 231) | 48.8 (43.8, 53.8) | 8.27 (7.01, 9.53) |
| 2005 | 30 | 2.97 (2.37, 3.58) | 57.8 (40.5, 82.5) | 151 (107, 214) | 51.2 (44.8, 57.5) | 5.47 (3.96, 6.99)* |
| 2006 | 76 | 3.13 (2.85, 3.41)* | 71.3 (54.7, 92.9) | 203 (152, 270) | 47.9 (41.5, 54.4) | 6.26 (5.12, 7.40)ǂ |
| 2007 | 71 | 2.95 (2.62, 3.28) | 47.9 (39.5, 58.0)* | 123 (98.9, 152)* | 48.4 (43.5, 53.3) | 6.35 (5.45, 7.25)ǂ |
| 2008 | 121 | 2.90 (2.65, 3.16) | 53.3 (46.3, 61.3)* | 140 (119, 164) | 45.8 (42.0, 49.5)* | 5.40 (4.75, 6.05)* |
| 2009 | 139 | 2.71 (2.49, 2.93) | 52.9 (45.2, 61.9)* | 128 (110, 150)* | 45.4 (41.9, 49.0)* | 6.72 (5.87, 7.57) |
| 2010 | 134 | 2.73 (2.50, 2.96) | 51.4 (44.5, 59.4)* | 124 (106, 144)* | 43.6 (39.5, 47.6)* | 6.39 (5.66, 7.11)* |
| 2011 | 113 | 2.74 (2.51, 2.96) | 48.4 (41.2, 56.8)* | 119 (99.7, 140)* | 42.3 (38.0, 46.6)* | 6.34 (5.58,7.09)* |
| 2012 | 73 | 2.87 (2.60, 3.14) | 46.8 (37.4, 58.4)* | 118 (92.1, 151)* | 41.6 (36.0, 47.1)* | 6.31 (5.50, 7.12)* |
| 2013 | 97 | 2.73 (2.49, 2.97) | 42.2 (35.4, 50.2)* | 99.2 (80.0, 123)* | 41.2 (37.7, 44.7)* | 6.69 (5.84, 7.54) |
| 2014 | 77 | 2.89 (2.59, 3.19) | 45.8 (38.7, 54.1)* | 117 (96.2, 143)* | 48.5 (44.3, 52.8) | 7.58 (6.86, 8.29) |
| 2015 | 72 | 2.62 (2.25, 2.99) | 41.7(33.7, 51.5)* | 91.9 (72.1, 117)* | 48.2 (43.1, 53.2) | 6.21 (5.32, 7.09)* |
| 2016/2017 | 113 | 2.92 (2.61, 3.22) | 49.0 (39.8, 60.2)* | 122 (98.0, 153)* | 45.8 (41.1, 50.6)* | 6.08 (5.36, 6.91)* |
Abbreviations: ml, milliliters; mil, million.
a
Adjusted for abstinence time (days).
b
Morphologically nonnal sperm was assessed in 1,482 semen samples.
*
p-value≤0.05 when compared against samples obtained in 2000.
ǂ
p-value<0.10 when compared against samples obtained in 2000.