Table 4.
Logistic regression odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI)
| Unadjusted | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Level 1: Patient | ||||||||
| Constant | 0.51*** | (0.37, 0.716) | 2.60*** | (1.81, 3.75) | 2.75*** | (1.88, 4.03) | ||
| Patient Social Disadvantage | ||||||||
| Age | 1.00 | (0.99, 1.00) | 0.99** | (0.99, 1.00) | 0.99*** | (0.98, 0.99) | 0.99*** | (0.98, 0.99) |
| Sex (referent group: female) | 0.86*** | (0.82, 0.90) | 1.00 | (0.95, 1.05) | 1.03 | (0.98, 1.09) | 1.03 | (0.98, 1.09) |
| Race/Ethnicity (referent group: White) | ||||||||
| African American | 1.13*** | (1.06, 1.21) | 1.19*** | (1.11, 1.28) | 1.28*** | (1.19, 1.38) | 1.28*** | (1.19, 1.38) |
| Hispanic | 1.81*** | (1.70, 1.92) | 1.27*** | (1.16, 1.38) | 1.32*** | (1.20, 1.44) | 1.31*** | (1.20, 1.44) |
| Other | 1.19*** | (1.07, 1.33) | 1.31*** | (1.14, 1.50) | 1.40*** | (1.12, 1.50) | 1.30*** | (1.12, 1.50) |
| Language (referent group: English) | ||||||||
| Spanish | 1.87*** | (1.78, 1.96) | 1.37*** | (1.18, 1.59) | 1.41*** | (1.21, 1.65) | 1.41*** | (1.21, 1.65) |
| Other | 1.35*** | (1.21, 1.96) | 1.52*** | (1.40, 1.64) | 1.55*** | (1.43, 1.68) | 1.55*** | (1.43, 1.68) |
| Unknown | 0.29*** | (0.19, 0.45) | 0.41*** | (0.26, 0.64) | 1.01 | (0.61, 1.69) | 1.02 | (0.61, 1.70) |
| Charlson index (referent group: 0)1 | ||||||||
| 1–2 | 0.97 | (0.92, 1.01) | 0.88*** | (0.84, 1.93) | 0.81*** | (0.77, 0.86) | 0.81*** | (0.77, 0.86) |
| 3+ | 0.62*** | (0.56, 0.68) | 0.68*** | (0.61, 0.76) | 0.53*** | (0.48, 0.60) | 0.53*** | (0.48, 0.59) |
| Healthcare Utilization Factors2 | ||||||||
| Patient has primary care provider | 1.35*** | (1.29, 1.41) | 1.31*** | (1.24, 1.37) | 1.25*** | (1.19, 1.32) | 1.25*** | (1.19, 1.32) |
| Payer type (base is Uninsured) | ||||||||
| Commercial | 0.34*** | (0.30, 0.37) | 0.78*** | (0.68, 0.90) | 0.84*** | (0.73, 0.97) | 0.84* | (0.73, 0.97) |
| Medicaid | 0.51*** | (0.47, 0.56) | 0.65*** | (0.59, 0.71) | 0.71*** | (0.65, 0.78) | 0.71*** | (0.65, 0.78) |
| Medicare | 0.62*** | (0.57, 0.67) | 0.77*** | (0.70, 0.84) | 0.79*** | (0.72, 0.87) | 0.79*** | (0.72, 0.87) |
| Other | 1.26** | (1.07, 1.47) | 1.03 | (0.86, 1.23) | 1.02 | (0.86, 1.22) | 1.02 | (0.86, 1.22) |
| Payer type changed3 | 1.11*** | (1.05, 1.17) | 1.05 | (0.99, 1.12) | 0.91*** | (0.85, 0.97) | 0.91*** | (0.85, 0.97) |
| # primary care visits3 | 1.18*** | (1.17, 1.19) | 1.27*** | (1.25, 1.28) | 1.11*** | (1.10, 1.12) | 1.11*** | (1.10, 1.12) |
| # ED care visits3 | 0.99+ | (0.98, 1.00) | 0.97** | (0.96, 0.98) | 0.91** | (0.90, 0.92) | 0.91** | (0.90, 0.92) |
| # missed care visits3 | 1.01*** | (1.01, 1.02) | 0.96*** | (0.95, 0.97) | 0.95*** | (0.94, 0.96) | 0.95*** | (0.94, 0.96) |
| Housing Social Disadvantage | ||||||||
| Parcel value (referent group: T3) | ||||||||
| T1 | 1.03 | (0.98, 1.09) | 1.03 | (0.96, 1.10) | 1.03 | (0.96, 1.10) | ||
| T2 | 1.10*** | (1.04, 1.16) | 1.05 | (0.99, 1.11) | 1.05 | (0.99, 1.11) | ||
| Network distance to COPC (mi) | 1.00+ | (1.00, 1.01) | 1.00 | (1.00, 1.00) | 1.00 | (1.00, 1.00) | ||
| # residences changes per visit3 | 0.01** | (0.01, 0.01) | 0.01*** | (0.01, 0.01) | 0.01*** | (0.01, 0.01) | ||
| Lived in MFR | 0.93** | (0.88, 0.98) | 0.91** | (0.85, 0.97) | 0.91** | (0.85, 0.97) | ||
| Level 2: Block group | ||||||||
| Neighborhood Physical Disadvantage | ||||||||
| % area vacant parcels | 0.96 | (0.81, 1.13) | 0.91 | (0.75, 1.10) | ||||
| % area devoted to MFR | 1.13 | (0.92, 1.38) | 1.10 | (0.87, 1.38) | ||||
| Neighborhood Social Disadvantage | ||||||||
| % Poverty | 1.01 | (0.88, 1.16) | 0.99 | (0.83, 1.19) | ||||
| % HS graduates | 1.10 | (0.88, 1.35) | 1.04 | (0.81, 1.34) | ||||
| Majority race/ethnicity (referent group: White) | ||||||||
| African American | 1.08* | (1.02, 1.14) | 1.09* | (1.02, 1.17) | ||||
| Hispanic | 1.01 | (0.96, 1.06) | 0.99 | (0.96, 1.05) | ||||
| Akaike Information Criterion | -- | 41099 | 38416.4 | 38420.1 | ||||
***
p<0.001
**
p<0.01
*
p<0.05
+
p<0.10
MFR: multiple family residence
HS: High school
1
Measured in year prior to index visit
2
Clinic indicators not shown
3
Measured in 18-month follow-up period.