Table 2.
Association between the individual lifestyle factors and colorectal cancer in the DACHS study
| Lifestyle factor | Points | Description | Colorectal cancer |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ncases(%)/ncontrols(%) | OR (95% CI)1 | OR (95% CI)2 | |||
| Smoking | 0 | Smoking: current smoker or former smoker (≥30 pack years) | 947 (23)/546 (18) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
| 1 | Non-smoking: never smoker or former smoker (<30 pack years) | 3145(77)/2486(82) | 0.72 (0.63–0.81) | 0.82 (0.72–0.94) | |
| Alcohol | 0 | Did not meet recommendations on alcoholic drinks 3 | 1227 (30)/810 (27) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
| 1 | Met recommendation on alcoholic drinks3 | 2865 (70)/2222(73) | 0.84 (0.76–0.94) | 0.83 (0.74–0.94) | |
| Diet | 0 | Unhealthy diet quality: diet score <344 | 2664(65)/1623(54) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
| 1 | Healthy diet quality: diet score ≥344 | 1428(35)/1409(47) | 0.61 (0.55–0.67) | 0.70 (0.63–0.78) | |
| Physical activity | 0 | Did not meet physical activity guidelines5 | 645 (16)/354(12) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
| 1 | Met physical activity guidelines5 | 3447 (84)/2678(88) | 0.70 (0.61–0.81) | 0.88 (0.76–1.03) | |
| BMI | 0 | Overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 25kg/m2) | 2841 (69)/1865 (62) | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (Ref.) |
| 1 | Healthy weight (18.5 < BMI < 25kg/m2) | 1251 (31)/1167 (38) | 0.69 (0.63–0.77) | 0.71 (0.63–0.79) | |
Model 1 adjusted for matching factors age and sex
Model 2 adjusted for matching factors age and sex; school education, family history of CRC, history of colonoscopy, participation in a health check-up, ever regular use of NSAIDs, and mutual adjustment for the other lifestyle factors
World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) (2007) Recommendation on alcoholic drinks: ≤24g/day men, 12g/day women
Diet score in the highest 40%
The WHO Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health (2010) recommend adults to engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity throughout the week or an equivalent combination of moderate and vigorous intensity physical activity (At least ~500 MET minutes)
Abbreviations: CI: confidence intervals; OR: odds ratio; Ref.: Reference.