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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Dec 5.
Published in final edited form as: Mucosal Immunol. 2018 Jun 15;11(6):1558–1570. doi: 10.1038/s41385-018-0050-3

Fig. 2. Mechanism of action of new investigational small-molecule agents in IBD.

Fig. 2

(a) JAK janus kinase, STAT signal transducer and activator of transcription protein, PDE4 phosphodiesterase type 4, cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate, PKA protein kinase A, NF-κB nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, CREB cAMP response element-binding protein, (b) S1P sphingosine-1 phosphate