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. 2018 Dec 4;8:17608. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-35710-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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BST-2 promotes metastasis independent of primary tumor: (A) Representative image of metastases detected after injection of 5-week old BALB/c mice with 300,000 of 4T1 cells expressing shCTL, shBST-2 or OE BST-2D via tail vein. n = 3 for each condition. Tumor cells tracked in vivo with IVIS imaging at different time points. (B) Representative gross images of lungs showing visible pulmonary nodules (arrows). (C) Quantification of lung colonization events in mice described in panel B. (D,E) Gross images and weight of spleens of mice described in panel A. (F) Kaplan-Meier survival plot of mice described in panel A. Numbers are P values relative to shCTL group. Error bars represent SEM and significance was taken at P < 0.05*. ns = not significant.