Fig. 3.
Performance of the optimized TGC systems. a The Seebeck effects of the [Fe(CN)6]3−/[Fe(CN)6]4− electrolyte containing only urea or urea/GdmCl composite (UGdmCl). The concentrations of urea and GdmCl were 24 and 2.6 M, respectively. b Dependence of the Seebeck coefficient on the concentration of urea. c Dependence of the thermal conductivity on the input heat flux. The error bar is received from the temperature gradient at three different positions of the cross-section of cells according to the regarding method in Supplementary Note 4. d Dependence of the electrical conductivity on the temperature. e Voltage output and the corresponding power output. The temperature difference was 10 K (“cold” side at 293 K, “hot” side at 303 K). f Comparison of the Pmax/(ΔT)2 and Se values with those reported in the literature