Table 4.
Efficacy of creatine use in adolescents.
| Study | Subjects | Design | Duration | Dosing protocol | Primary variables | Results | Adverse events | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Juhasz et al. | 16 male Fin swimmers (15.9 ± 1.6 years) | Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled | 5 days | 20 g/day | Average power, dynamic strength (swim-based tests) | ↑ anaerobic performance ↑ dynamic strength. |
NR | (47) |
| Claudino et al. | 14 male Brazilian elite soccer players (18.3 ± 0.9 years) | Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled | 7 Weeks | 20 g/day (1 week) 5 g/day (6 weeks) | Lower limb muscle power via CMVJ | ↔ lower body power. | NR | (54) |
| Dawson et al. | 10 males, 10 females (16.4 ± 1.8 years) | Match, placebo-controlled | 4 Weeks | 20 g/day (5 days); 5 g/day (22 days) | Sprint swim performance and Biokinetic Swim Bench Test | ↑ swim bench test performance | NR | (45) |
| Grindstaff et al. | 18 (male: 7; female: 11) (15.3 ± 0.6 years) | Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled | 9 Days | 21 g/day | Sprint swim performance, arm ergometer | ↑sprint swimming performance | None | (46) |
| Mohebbi et al. | 17 Young soccer players (17.18 ± 01.37 years) | Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled | 7 Days | 20 g/day | Repeated sprint test, dribbling performance and shooting accuracy | ↑ repeat sprint performance ↑ dribbling |
NR | (84) |
| Ostojic | 20 Young, male soccer players (16.6 ± 1.9 years) | Matched, placebo-controlled | 7 Days | 30 g/day | Soccer specific skills tests | ↑ dribble test and endurance times ↑ sprint-power test and CMVJ |
None | (85) |
| Yanez-Silva et al. | Elite youth soccer players (17.0 ± 0.5 years) | Matched, double blind, placebo-controlled | 7 Days | 0.03 g/kg/day | Muscle power output (WAnT) | ↑ PPO and MPO ↑ total work |
None | (86) |
| Theodorou et al. | 22 Elite (12 males: 17.7 ± 2.3 years; 10 female: 17.7 ± 2.0 years) swimmers | Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled | 11 weeks | 25 g/day (4 days) 5 g/day (2 months) | Swimming interval performance | ↑ Interval Performance following loading phase ↔ long-term improvements after maintenance dosing. |
NR | (87) |
NR, Not Reported; ↔, Creatine supplementation resulted in no significant (p < 0.05) change; ↑, Creatine supplementation resulted in a significant increase (p < 0.05) over control.