Table 2.
General characteristics of rats.
| CON | 100 IS | 200 IS | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Final body weight [g] | 345.5 ± 17.6 | 348.0 ± 17.3 NS | 350.8 ± 24.8 NS |
| Fluid intake [ml/day] | 37.69 ± 4.9 | 35.76 ± 1.5 NS | 35.76 ± 2.9 NS |
| Food intake [g/day] | 28.93 ± 2.9 | 30.62 ± 1.7 NS | 30.29 ± 3.8 NS |
| 24-h urine volume [ml] | 23.75 ± 7.7 | 19.75 ± 7.8 NS | 20.06 ± 7.7 NS |
| Liver weight [g] | 8.99 (7.98–11.83) | 9.39 (8.00–12.17) NS | 9.27 (7.99–14.99) NS |
| Liver/body weight ratio | 0.0263 (0.0240–0.0355) | 0.0263 (0.0236–0.0364) NS | 0.0268 (0.0241–0.0405) NS |
| Kidneys weight [g] | 1.24 (0.92–1.53) | 1.29 (0.90–1.65) NS | 1.33 (1.15–1.68)∗ |
| Kidneys/body weight ratio | 0.0036 ± 0.0003 | 0.0037 ± 0.0004 NS | 0.0038 ± 0.0003 NS |
| ASAT [U/L] | 141.5 (84–198) | 131.0 (102–281) NS | 154.5 (97–326) NS |
| ALAT [U/L] | 34.0 (25–82) | 41.0 (34–105)∗ | 44.0 (32–124)∗ |
| Cholesterol total [mg/dL] | 35.42 ± 6.2 | 41.45 ± 7.4∗ | 39.77 ± 2.5∗ |
| TG [mg/dL] | 43.15 ± 10.8 | 40.92 ± 4.9 NS | 47.55 ± 16.7 NS |
| LDL-d [mg/dL] | 2.34 ± 0.9 | 3.23 ± 1.0 NS | 2.57 ± 0.7 NS |
| HDL-d [mg/dL] | 15.98 ± 2.4 | 18.37 ± 2.1∗ | 18.08 ± 2.1∗ |
| Creatinine in plasma [mg/dL) | 0.28 ± 0.08 | 0.36 ± 0.07∗ | 0.39 ± 0.14∗ |
| UA [mg/dL] | 0.57 ± 0.3 | 0.63 ± 0.2 NS | 0.88 ± 0.4∗ |
| Urea [mg/dL] | 49.92 ± 6.7 | 49.00 ± 7.0 NS | 53.23 ± 7.7 NS |
| BUN [mg/dL] | 22.96 ± 3.2 | 23.04 ± 2.9 NS | 24.49 ± 3.5 NS |
| Total proteins [g/dL] | 5.58 (5.35–6.23) | 5.62 (5.32–6.37) NS | 5.67 (5.40–5.92) NS |
| Creatinine in urine [mg/dL] | 40.20 (22.99–80.47) | 47.24 (21.81–85.14) NS | 48.20 (29.11–80.43) NS |
| Urine proteins excretion [mg/24 h] | 10.11 ± 1.3 | 11.61 ± 3.0 NS | 12.82 ± 2.8∗∗ |
| Urine proteins/creatinine ratio | 1.13 ± 0.18 | 1.25 ± 0.35 NS | 1.45 ± 0.46∗ |
| Creatinine clearance [ml/min] | 2.38 ± 0.8 | 1.69 ± 0.5∗ | 1.65 ± 0.7∗ |
Data are shown as the mean ± SD or median (full range) depending on their distribution.
CON, control group; 100 IS, group receiving IS in the dose of 100 mg/kg b.w./day; 200 IS, group receiving IS in the dose of 200 mg/kg b.w./day; ALAT, alanine aminotransferase; ASAT, aspartate aminotransferase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; HDL-d, high-density lipoprotein direct; IS, indoxyl sulfate; LDL-d, low-density lipoprotein direct; NS, non-significant; TG, triglycerides; UA, uric acid; ∗p < 0.05 compared to control; ∗∗p < 0.01 compared to control.