Table 1.
Narrative synthesis of the studies included in the mini-review.
| Authors | Country and study period | Design and number of participants | Participants' features (mean age, gender, % M) | Assessment of depression | Antidepressant class | Other medications | Comorbidities | MetS criteria and % | Main results | Nos |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crichton et al. (1) | USA, 1975–2011 | Cross-Sectional N = 970 | n/a, M/F, 41% | Performed by an examiner | n/a | n/a | n/a | IDF, 44 | High risk of MetS and low HDL in patients with depressive symptoms; high risk of MetS, low HDL, carbohydrate metabolism disorders (diabetes) and hypertension in patients on antidepressant therapy. | 9 |
| Hung et al. (37) | Taiwan, 2008–2009 | Cross Sectional N = 229 | 44 year, M/F, 63% | n/a | SSRI—SNRI—Others | yes | n/a | IDF, 22 | BMI related to MetS. Pharmacotherapy seem to be related to high BMI. | 5 |
| Kopf et al. (38) | Germany, n/a | Prospective Cohort N = 78 | 53 year, M/F, 31% | Performed by an examiner and self-administered questionnaire | SSRI—TCA | yes | no | IDF, n/a | Treatment of depression exerts a mainly beneficial effect on lipid regulation. | 6 |
| Luppino et al. (39) | Holland, 2004–2009 | Cross Sectional N = 827 | 43 year, M/F, 38% | Performed by an examiner | SSRI—TCA—Others | n/a | yes | NCE-ATP III, 26 | Depression severity weakly associated with glucose levels. There seem to be a mediating role for TCA and NSRI antidepressant use in increasing triglycerides levels, with limited clinical differences. | 5 |
| Margari et al. (40) | Italy, 2013–2013 | Cross Sectional N = 160 | 50 y, M/F, n/a | Performed by an examiner | n/a | yes | yes | NCE-ATP III, 29 | Positive association between antidepressant treatment and triglycerides and triglycerides/HDL ratio levels. | 6 |
| Sagud et al. (41) | Croatia, n/a | Cross Sectional N = 203 | 53 year, n/a, n/a | Performed by an examiner | SSRI—NRI—SNRI—Others | yes | yes | NCE-ATP III, n/a | MetS was observed in 33.5 % of patients (no significant differences between TRD and non-TRD), without correlation with cardiovascular risk factors. | 5 |
| Salvi et al. (42) | Italy, 2008–2012 | Cross Sectional N = 289 | 50 year, M/F, 63% | Performed by an examiner | SSRI—TCA—SNRI—Others | yes | no | NCE-ATP III, 25 | Greater frequency of MetS in patients treated with H1 high affinity antagonists. | 7 |
| Stanojević et al. (43) | Serbia, 2013–2013 | Prospective Cohort N = 60 | 48 year, M/F, 52% | Performed by an examiner | SSRI | n/a | n/a | NCE-ATP III, 38 | In depressed patients, elevated CRP levels associated with increased frequency of MetS. | 3 |
N, Number; M, Male; F, Female; y, Years; MetS, Metabolic Syndrome; n/a, not applicable; SSRI, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; TCA, Tricyclic antidepressant; SNRI, Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors; BMI, Body Mass Index; HDL, High Density Lipoprotein; NOS, Newcastle Ottawa Scale.