Table 1.

Morphological changes associated with domestication in rice.

Trait	Wild rice	Domestic rice
Plant height	Tall	Medium to short
Growth habit	Creeping	Erect
Tiller number	Multiple spreading tillers	Reduced tillers
Breeding system	Outbreeding	Self-fertilized
Yield	Low	High
Seed quality	Non-glutinous	Glutinous
Seed dormancy	High seed dormancy	Low seed dormancy
Seed shattering	High shattering	Non-shattering
Floral structure	Long anthers long stigma	Short anthers short stigma
Panicle shape	Open panicle	Closed panicle
Grain size	Small	Variable
Awns	Long awns	Short awns
Hulls	Dark/black coloured	Straw coloured
Pericarp/seed coat	Pigmented	Most Asian cultivars lack pigmentation, but many African cultivars retain