Table 2.
Signal-contingent, mobile ecological momentary dietary assessment.
| First author, year | Mobile platform | Sample period | Prompt approach | Prompt frequency (recall interval) | Diet data collection (format, source) | Diet data output outcomes (units) |
| Berkman et al, 2014 [61] | Mobile phone SMSa text messages | 14 days | Individualized fixed time | 4 prompts: 3 real time, 1 retrospective (since last prompt) | 1 survey item (open-ended, preselected snack food) | Frequency of snack intake |
| Bruening et al, 2016 [62] | Mobile phone app | 4 days | Random interval | 8 prompts: 7 real time, 1 retrospective prompt (past 3 hours) | 2 survey items (multiple choice, 8 food groups, and 8 beverage groups) | Bread or grains, entrée, fruit and vegetables, salty foods, and sweets intake (number and percent of prompts) |
| Dunton et al, 2015 [63] | Mobile phone app | 8 days | Random interval | Mother: 4 or 8 retrospective prompts (past 2 hours); Child: 3 or 7 retrospective prompts (past 2 hours) | 1 survey item (multiple choice, 5 food groups) | Healthy and unhealthy eating (frequency of prompts) |
| Miller et al, 2016 [64] | Wrist-worn electronic diary | 6 weeks | Random interval | 3 retrospective prompts (since last prompt) | 1 survey item (open-ended) | Low glycemic index foods (servings) |
| Powell et al, 2017 [65] | Wrist-worn electronic diary | 7 days | Fixed time (±10 min) | 14 retrospective prompts (past hour) | 8 survey items (8 food groups, yes or no) | Snack and fruit and vegetable intake (ranked portion sizes) |
| Richard et al, 2017 [66] | Mobile phone app | 7 days | Fixed time | 5 retrospective prompts (since last prompt) | 1 survey item (open-ended) | Snack intake density (kcal/100 g) |
| Spook et al, 2013 [67] | Mobile phone app | 7 days | Fixed time (±30 min) | 5 retrospective prompts (past 3.5 hours) | 3 survey items (multiple choice and visual analog scales, 3 food groups) | Number and frequency of snack, fruit and vegetable, and soda intake |
| Strahler and Nater, 2018 [68] | iPod Touch app | 4 days | Fixed time | 5 retrospective prompts (since last prompt) | 3 survey items (multiple choice recoded to yes or no) | Frequency of meal type, main component, and drink consumption |
| Wouters et al, 2016 [69] | Mobile phone app | 4 days | Quasi-random interval (average 90 min) | 10 retrospective prompts (since last prompt) | Digital food log of snacks (open ended) | Energy intake carbohydrate, fat, and protein |
| Zenk et al, 2014 [70] | Mobile phone Web-based survey | 7 days | Random interval | 5 retrospective prompts (since last prompt) | 9 Web-based survey items (9 food groups, yes or no) | Number of snacks consumed (0 or more than 1) |
aSMS: short message service.