Figure 2:

Valerate concentrations by coronary artery disease and cardiovascular outcomes in training and validation sets. A significantly higher valerate level is observed in patients with CAD in the training (A) and the validation subsets (B). Similarly, its significantly higher level is observed in patients with CVD in the training (C) and the validation subsets (D). Plots show mean and standard error. Panel (E) compares the odds ratio of study outcomes in unadjusted, eGFR-adjusted, and fully adjusted models. Odds ratios are compared by each 1 μmol/L alteration in plasma valerate in the training set, and by each 1 standard alteration in the standardized probabilistic risk score (developed from the coefficients of the logistic regression models of the training set) in the validation set. Covariates of fully adjusted models consist of age, diabetes, hypertension, use of statins, and eGFR. eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; CAD, coronary artery disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease.