Table 1.
Biomarkers of diagnosis, prognosis, and severity.
| Biomarker | Diagnosis | Prognosis and severity | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Better | Worse | |||
|
| ||||
| Clinical | Age | — | Young pts | Older pts |
| Gender | — | Male | Female | |
| Duration of CSU | — | Less than 1 yr | Longer than 1 yr | |
| Angioedema | — | Absent | Present | |
| NSAID exacerbation | — | Not associated | Associated | |
|
| ||||
| Molecular | Anti-IL-24 IgE | Positive association | — | — |
| IL-6 | — | — | High levels | |
| IL-6 sR | — | — | High levels | |
| sgp130 | — | — | High levels | |
| IL-18 | — | — | High levels | |
| MMP-9 | — | — | High levels | |
| CRP | — | — | High levels | |
| D-dimer | — | — | High levels | |
| F1+2 | — | — | High levels | |
| Vitamin D | — | — | Low levels | |
| MPV | — | — | High values | |
| Basophil count | — | Normal number | Low number | |
| CD203c-basophils | — | — | Increased | |
MMP-9: metalloproteinase-9; CRP: C-reactive protein; F1+2: prothrombin fragment 1 + 2.