Table 2.
Biomarkers with a potential prediction on drug treatment.
| Biomarker | Antihistamines | Omalizumab | Cyclosporine |
|---|---|---|---|
| Resistance | |||
|
| |||
| Clinical | Hispanic | None | None |
| Atopic asthma | |||
| Rhinosinusitis | |||
| Hypertension | |||
| Thyroid diseases | |||
| High UAS7 | |||
| Longer duration of wheals | |||
|
| |||
| Molecular | ↑ C5a | BHRA+ | None |
| ↑ IL-6 | ASST+ | ||
| ↑ D-dimer | Low IgE levels | ||
| ASST+ | CD203c upregulation basophils | ||
|
| |||
| Response | |||
|
| |||
| Clinical | None | None | Short duration of CSU |
| High initial severity | |||
|
| |||
| Molecular | ↑ LCN2 | BHRA− | BHRA + |
| ↑ Clusterin | ASST− | D-dimer | |
| Lack of CD203c basophils | |||
| High IgE levels | |||
| High FcεRI | |||
|
| |||
| Increased relapse | |||
|
| |||
| Clinical | None | High UAS7 at baseline | None |
| Low UAS7 AAC | |||
|
| |||
| Molecular | None | None | None |
LCN2: serum lipocalin-2; BHRA: basophil histamine release assay; ASST: autologous serum skin test; AAC: area above the curve.