Table 4.
Significance test results for sex differences in weight loss intentions and strategies by demographic characteristics
| Studies finding sex difference | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Studies finding no sex differences | Females higher endorsement | Males higher endorsement | ||
| Weight loss intentions | ||||
| Full sample | Davis & Lambert [25]E,N Stevens et al. [41]E,N Story et al. [21]E,N |
Calderon et al. [18] Childress et al. [24]M Kilpatrick et al. [19] Krowchuk et al. [23]M McVey et al. [20]M |
||
| Grade level | ||||
| Elementary-school | Stevens et al. [41]E,N Story et al. [21]E,N |
|||
| Middle-school | Childress et al. [24]M Krowchuk et al. [23]M McVey et al. [20]M |
|||
| High-school | Calderon et al. [18] Kilpatrick et al. [19] |
|||
| Type of strategy | Specific strategy | |||
| Healthy | ||||
| Exercise | McVey et al. [20]M Story et al. [21]E,N |
Childress et al. [24]M Krowchuk et al. [23]M |
Davis & Lambert [25]E,N Kilpatrick et al. [19] |
|
| Smaller portions | Calderon et al. [18]H | Davis & Lambert [25]E,N | ||
| Changed what/how ate | Story et al. [21]E,N | |||
| Unhealthy | ||||
| Fasting | Calderon et al. [18]H Stevens et al. [41]E,N Story et al. [21]E,N |
Childress et al., 1993 [24]M | ||
| Skipping meals | Calderon et al. [18]H Stevens et al. [41]E,N Story et al. [21]E,N |
McVey et al. [20]M | ||
| Fad Diet | Calderon et al. [18]H | |||
| Extreme | ||||
| Diet pills | Calderon et al. [18]H McVey et al. [20]M |
Childress et al. [24]M Krowchuk et al. [23]M Story et al. [47]N |
||
| Diuretics | Childress et al. [24]M | Story et al. [47]N | ||
| Laxatives | Childress et al. [24]M | Story et al. [47]N | ||
| Laxatives or diuretics | McVey et al. [20]M | |||
| Vomiting | Childress et al. [24]M | Story et al. [47]N | McVey et al. [20]M | |
| Vomiting or laxatives | Krowchuk et al. [23]M | |||
Notes: No study conducted significance tests for sex differences within-race, nor within-weight status. Study characteristics are noted where study sample represents a single demographic characteristic, annotated as follows: EStudy sample composed of 100% elementary school aged participants; MStudy sample composed of 100% middle school aged participants; HStudy sample composed of 100% high school aged participants; NStudy sample composed of 100% Native-American participants