Fig. 5.

a Venn diagram analysis of global gene expression of pancreatic cancer cells treated with the hot water extract of Agaricus blazei Murrill (AbE). Genes with a statistically significant (greater than four-fold) change in expression were collected and classified. In the three cell lines, 394 genes were commonly altered. b Quantitative reverse transcription PCR was performed to validate the microarray results. The expression of genes associated with cell cycle progression or apoptosis was altered by the AbE treatment. The mean changes in gene expression relative to those in untreated cells, calculated by using GAPDH as the reference housekeeping gene, are displayed on a log2 scale. The difference in expression of each mRNA relative to that of non-treated cells was determined using a Student’s t-test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001