Table 4.

Multivariable analysis of the risk factors for malaria and bed net use in primary school children in Tanzania

Outcome/covariates	Univariable		Model I (N = 47,157)		Model II (N = 30,715)
	Malaria		Malaria		Malaria		Bed net use
	OR (95% CI)	p- value	OR (95% CI)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value
Gender
Male vs female	0.75 (0.71–0.79)	< 0.01	0.77 (0.72–0.81)	< 0.01	0.74 (0.69–0.79)	< 0.01	1.21 (1.14–1.28)	< 0.01
Age (years)
< 9 vs 10–12	1.06 (0.98–1.15)	0.11	1.05 (0.96–1.14)	0.36	1.03 (0.92–1.15)	0.55	1.1 (1.01–1.20)	0.02
< 9 vs > 12	1.09 (1.01–1.18)		1.06 (0.98–1.15)		1.05 (0.95–1.17)		1.12 (1.03–1.22)
Parental education
Primary vs no school	1.18 (1.06–1.31)	< 0.01	–		1.18 (1.06–1.32)	< 0.01	0.69 (0.63–0.76)	< 0.01
Primary vs secondary or higher	0.74 (0.67–0.82)		–		0.75 (0.67–0.83)		1.48 (1.35–1.61)
Bed net use
No vs yes	0.76 (0.71–0.81)	< 0.01	0.76 (0.71–0.82)	< 0.01	0.81 (0.74–0.88)	< 0.01	–
Malaria
Negative vs positive	–		–		–		0.81 (0.74–0.88)	< 0.01
Area
Rural vs urban	0.14 (0.05–0.38)	< 0.01	0.12 (0.066–0.21)	< 0.01	0.15 (0.072–0.29)	< 0.01	1.92 (1.25–2.94)	< 0.01
Altitude (m)
< 750 vs 750–1250	0.25 (0.12–0.48)	< 0.01	0.18 (0.081–0.39)	< 0.01	0.26 (0.11–0.62)	0.02	0.43 (0.25–0.74)	0.01
< 750 vs 1250–1750	0.07 (0.04–0.15)		0.12 (0.045–0.31)		0.25 (0.088–0.72)		0.27 (0.14–0.53)
< 750 vs > 1750	0.002 (0.00–0.02)		0.02 (0.003–0.14)		0.07 (0.0093–0.47)		0.12 (0.049–0.31)
Temperature suitability index
TSI (2er intervals)	3.51 (2.80–4.39)	< 0.01	–	< 0.01	2.2 (1.56–3.09)	< 0.01	1 (0.81–1.24)	0.98
Zone
Central vs eastern	28.15 (7.68–103.20)	< 0.01	1.86 (0.60–5.72)	< 0.01	2.11 (0.63–7.01)	< 0.01	2.13 (0.96–4.71)	< 0.01
Central vs western	59.21 (15.40–228.10)		31.13 (11.6–83.4)		11.21 (3.23–39.0)		2.18 (0.91–5.19)
Central vs southern	72.58 (17.70–296.90)		2.79 (0.83–9.33)
Central vs southern highlands	2.13 (0.53–8.53)		2.64 (0.91–7.67)		0.41 (0.092–1.85)		0.71 (0.33–1.52)
Central vs southwest highlands	10.33 (2.82–37.80)		6.7 (2.52–17.9)		3.19 (1.06–9.60)		1.57 (0.78–3.15)
Central vs northern	1.05 (0.29–3.77)		0.47 (0.17–1.31)		0.43 (0.15–1.19)		0.72 (0.40–1.30)
Central vs lake	69.76 (23.0–211.9)		40.97 (18.0–93.4)		24.43 (10.4–57.1)		3.54 (2.03–6.18)
Eco-zone (tropical)
Scrubland vs dry forest	4.92 (2.44–9.94)	< 0.01	–		2.06 (1.14–3.72)	0.22	0.93 (0.61–1.41)	0.81
Scrubland vs moist deci. forest	4.98 (2.31–10.73)		–		2.36 (1.21–4.60)		0.89 (0.57–1.38)
Scrubland vs mountain system	0.56 (0.23–1.34)		–		1.51 (0.68–3.38)		1.01 (0.64–1.60)
Scrubland vs rainforest	7.63 (2.90–20.08)		–		3.01 (1.41–6.40)		1.33 (0.76–2.31)