Table 2.
Bartonella spp. clinico-epidemiological studies involving cats in Europe
| Country (area, year) | Total no. of animals studied (lifestyle) | Percentage of positive animals | Confirmed Bartonella spp. and type using molecular methods | Reference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serology (method or antigen used)a | Blood PCR | Blood culture | ||||
| Albania (Tirana, 2014) | 146 (client-owned) | nr | 0.7 | nr | B. henselae | [182] |
| Cyprus (2017) | 174 (stray and client-owned) | nr | 10.9 | nr | B. henselae | [183] |
| Greece (Crete, Mykonos, Skopelos, Athens, 2017) | 148 (stray) | 58.8 | 4.7 | nr | B. henselae, B. clarridgeiae | [184] |
| Greece (Thessaly, Macedonia, 2018) | 100 (client-owned) | nr | 8.5 | nr | B. henselae, B. clarridgeiae, B. koehlerae | [178] |
| Czech Republic (Prague, 2003) | 61 (stray, client-owned and shelter) | nr | nr | 8.0 | B. henselae type II | [185] |
| Denmark (2002) | 93 (stray and client-owned) | 45.6 | nr | 22.6 | B. henselae types I and II | [186] |
| France (Nancy, 1997) | 94 (stray) | nr | nr | 53 | B. henselae types I and II, B. clarridgeiae | [187] |
| France (Paris, 2001) | 436 (client-owned) | 41.1 | nr | 16.5 | B. henselae types I and II, B. clarridgeiae | [188] |
| France (Lyon, 2004) | 99 (client-owned) | nr | nr | 8.1 | B. henselae, B. clarridgeiae | [189] |
| Germany (Freiburg, 1997) | 100 (client-owned) | nr | nr | 13 | B. henselae | [190] |
| Germany (southern and northern, 1999) | 713 (stray and client-owned) | 1 | nr | nr | nr | [191] |
| Germany (Berlin, 2001) | 193 (client-owned and stray) | nr | nr | 20 | B. henselae types I and II, B. clarridgeiae | [192] |
| Germany (Hannover and others, 2011) | 507 (nr) | 68.7 (ELISA) | nr | 2.2 | B. henselae | [193] |
| Germany (north-east, 2012) | 256 (stray and client-owned) | 37.1; 18.8 (B. quintana) | 0 | nr | na | [194] |
| Germany (southern, 2017) | 479 (nr) | nr | 2.5 | nr | B. henselae, B. clarridgeiae | [195] |
| Italy (Tuscany, 2002) | 427 (client-owned and shelter) | 16.0 | 4.0 | 0 | B. henselae | [196] |
| Italy (northern, 2002) | 248 (nr) | nr | nr | 9.7 | B. henselae | [197] |
| Italy (northern, 2004) | 1585 (stray) | 39.0 | nr | 2.0 | B. henselae types I and II, B. clarridgeiae | [198] |
| Italy (Sassari, 2007) | 79 (stray and client-owned) | 21.5 | nr | nr | na | [199] |
| Italy (Sardinia, 2009) | 55 (nr) | 10.9 | 5.5 | nr | B. henselae | [73] |
| Italy (southern, 2010) | 85 (client-owned) | nr | 83.5 | nr | B. henselae | [148] |
| Italy (Sicily, 2012) | 182 (stray and client-owned) | 57.1 | nr | nr | na | [200] |
| Italy (Pisa, 2012) | 234 (client-owned) | 33.3 | 11.1 | nr | B. henselae types I and II | [201] |
| Italy (northern, 2013) | 1340 (stray) | 23.1 | nr | 17.0 | B. henselae, B. clarridgeiae | [202] |
| Italy (northern, 2016) | 82 (stray) | 30.4 | nr | nr | na | [203] |
| Italy (southern, 2016) | 42 (nr) | 54.8 | 38.1 | nr | B. henselae, B. clarridgeiae | [204] |
| Italy (Aeolian Islands, 2017) | 330 (client-owned) | nr | 3.9 | nr | B. henselae, B. clarridgeiae | [205] |
| Ireland (Dublin area, 2010) | 121 (client-owned) | 26.5 (ELISA) | 5.2 | nr | B. henselae type II, B. clarridgeiae | [206] |
| Netherlands (1997) | 163 (stray and client-owned) | 51.8 (ELISA) | nr | 22.0 | B. henselae | [207] |
| Norway (2002) | 100 (stray and client-owned) | 0 | nr | 0 | na | [63] |
| Poland (Varsaw, 2007) | 137 (nr) | 45.0 | 10.2 | nr | B. henselae, B. clarridgeiae | [208] |
| Portugal (Lisbon, Evora, 2009) | 51 (client-owned, shelter and stray) | 64.9 | 67.7 | nr | B. henselae | [209] |
| Portugal (1995) | 14 (nr) | 14.3 (B. quintana); 6.7 | nr | nr | na | [210] |
| Portugal (2014) | 649 (stray and client-owned) | nr | 2.9 | nr | Bartonella spp. | [211] |
| Spain (Barcelona, Tarragona, Mallorca, 2005) | 115 (client-owned) | 29.6 | 7.0 | nr | B. henselae | [212] |
| Spain (Barcelona, Tarragona, Mallorca, 2006) | 168 (client-owned) | 71.4 | 17.0 | nr | B. henselae, B. clarridgeiae | [64] |
| Spain (Barcelona, 2008) | 100 (client-owned) | nr | 1 | nr | B. clarridgeiae | [213] |
| Spain (Madrid, 2012) | 680 (client-owned and stray) | 24.7 | 0.3 | nr | B. henselae | [127] |
| Spain (Rioja, Catalonia, 2013) | 147 (stray and client-owned) | nr | 32 | nr | B. henselae, B. clarridgeiae | [214] |
| Spain (multiple locations, 2015) | 86 (client-owned) | 50 | nr | nr | B. henselae | [215] |
| Spain (Zaragoza, 2016) | 47 (stray and shelter) | nr | 38.29 | nr | B. henselae | [216] |
| Spain (Catalonia, 2016) | 116 (shelter) | 35.3 (ELISA) | 22.4 | nr | B. henselae, B. clarridgeiae | [217] |
| Scotland (2011) | 52 (client-owned and stray) | 15.4 (ELISA) | 5.8 | nr | B. henselae | [218] |
| Sweden (different locations, 2002) | 292 (nr) | 0 (B. quintana); 25 (B. elizabethae); 1 (B. henselae) | nr | nr | na | [219] |
| Sweden (Stockholm, 2003) | 91 (client-owned) | nr | nr | 2.2 | B. henselae type II | [220] |
| Switzerland (Tessin, northern, 1997) | 728 (client-owned and shelter) | 8.3 | nr | nr | na | [150] |
| UK (Bristol, 2002) | 360 (nr) | nr | nr | 9.4 | B. henselae types I and II | [221] |
| UK (2000) | 148 (stray and client-owned) | 41.2 (ELISA) | nr | nr | na | [72] |
aTested by IFA for B. henselae antigen unless another method or antigen is indicated
Abbreviations: ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, IFA indirect immunofluorescence assay, na not applicable, nr not reported