Table 3.
Bartonella spp. clinico-epidemiological studies performed in European dogs
| Country (area, year) | Total no. of animals studied (lifestyle) | Percentage of positive animalsa | Confirmed Bartonella spp. and type using molecular methods | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serology (method or antigen used)b | Blood PCR | ||||
| Albania (Tirana, 2009) | 30 (stray) | 0 (ELISA) | 0 | na | [222] |
| Finland (southern, 2014) | 390 (client-owned and hunting) | nr | 0 | na | [223] |
| Greece (Thessaloniki, 2009) | 50 (client-owned sick) | nr | 4 | B. rochalimae, Bartonella strain HMD | [32] |
| Italy (Sassari, 2007) | 58 (shelter, client-owned) | 28.3 | nr | na | [199] |
| Italy (Bologna, 2007) | 381 (client-owned) | 6 | nr | na | [224] |
| Italy (Basilicata, Ginosa, 2009) | 60 (shelter and client-owned) | 6.6; 1.7 (B. vinsonii berkhoffii) | 11.6 | B. henselae, B. vinsonii berkhoffii types I and II, Bartonella strain HMD | [32] |
| Italy (Sardinia, 2009) | 190 (nr) | 9.5 | 0 | na | [73] |
| Italy (Aeolian Islands, 2017) | 263 (client-owned) | nr | 0 | na | [205] |
| Poland (Warsaw, 2007) | 54 (nr) | 5.0; 5.5 (B. vinsonii berkhoffii) | 10.2 | B. henselae, B. vinsonii berkhoffii | [208] |
| Poland (northwestern, 2011) | 242 (client-owned and shelter) | nr | 0.3 | Bartonella spp. | [225] |
| Portugal (southern, 2014) | 1010 (client-owned and stray) | nr | 0 | na | [211] |
| Spain (northern, 2006) | 466 (client-owned) | 16.8; 1.1 (B. vinsonii berkhofii) | nr | na | [74] |
| Spain (Barcelona, 2009) | 153 (nr) | nr | 0 | na | [226] |
| Spain (north-west, 2018) | 61 (client-owned Leishmania infected sick dogs); | 40 | nr | na | [227] |
| 16 (client-owned healthy) | 21 | ||||
| Spain (north-west, north-east, south-east, 2018) | 30 (client-owned dogs with culture negative endocarditis) | nr | 26.6c | B. rochalimae, B. vinsonii berkhoffii, B. koehlerae | [136] |
| Spain (north-east, 2018) | 68 (client-owned dogs with pericardial effusion) | nr | 0d | na | [228] |
| UK (2000) | 100 (client-owned) | 3 (ELISA) | nr | na | [72] |
| UK (Bristol, 2002) | 211 (nr) | nr | nr | na | [221] |
aBlood culture was not performed in any of the listed studies with the exception of one study performed in Bristol that did not isolate Bartonella in dogs studied [221]
bTested by IFA for B. henselae antigen unless another method or antigen is indicated
cSamples were from cardiac valve tissue and blood
dSamples were from pericardial effusion and blood
Abbreviations: ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, IFA indirect immunofluorescence assay, na not applicable, nr not reported