Table 2. Analysis of changes in the level and trends in seasonal influenza vaccination (SIV) standardised uptake rates after the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic and introduction of new SIV recommendations in March 2011 and April 2013, Permanent Sample of Beneficiaries (EGB), France, 2006/07–2015/16a .
| Events and trends | ≥ 65 years old (n = 121,343) |
< 65 years old with target diseases (n = 103,542) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes | Respiratory diseases | Cardiac insufficiencies and valvular heart diseases | Strokesb | Coronary heart diseasesb | Neuromuscular diseasesb | Liver diseasesc | |||
| RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | ||
| Pre-2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic | |||||||||
| Temporal trendd over the pre-pandemic period (2006/07–2008/09) | 1.01 (1.01–1.02) | 1.04 (1.03–1.06) | 1.35 (1.32–1.37) | 1.06 (1.02–1.09) | 1.05 (1.00–1.10) | 1.08 (1.04–1.12) | 1.07 (1.02–1.12) | 1.14 (1.04–1.24) | |
| 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic | |||||||||
| Immediate change after the start of pandemic (Jun 2009–2009/10) | 1.05 (1.04–1.06) | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) | 1.09 (1.05–1.14) | 1.09 (1.02–1.18) | 1.03 (0.93–1.15) | 1.09 (1.00–1.18) | 1.07 (0.97–1.19) | 1.09 (0.88–1.32) | |
| Immediate change after the statement of end of pandemic (September 2010–2010/11) | 0.88 (0.87–0.89) | 0.81 (0.78–0.84) | 0.75 (0.72–0.79) | 0.84 (0.78–0.90) | 0.84 (0.76–0.93) | 0.87 (0.81–0.94) | 0.80 (0.73–0.88) | 0.98 (0.79–1.22) | |
| Temporal trendd after end of pandemic (2011/12–2015/16e) | 0.98 (0.97–0.99) | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 0.98 (0.96–1.01) | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) | NA | NA | NA | 1.01 (0.88–1.17) | |
| March 2011 new SIV recommendations | |||||||||
| Immediate change after March 2011 (2011/12) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1.02 (0.91–1.14) | 1.40 (1.29–1.52) | 1.07 (0.96–1.19) | NA | |
| Temporal trendd (2012/13–2015/16) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1.01 (0.94–1.08) | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 1.01 (0.94–1.07) | NA | |
| April 2013 new SIV recommendations | |||||||||
| Immediate change after April 2013 (2013/14) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1.42 (1.14–1.78) | |
| Temporal trendd afterwards (2014/15–2015/16) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1.07 (0.90–1.27) | |
CI: confidence interval; GEE: generalised estimating equation; NA: not applicable; RR: relative risk; SIV: seasonal influenza vaccination.
a Results from segmented GEE log-binomial regressions.
b Persons with these conditions were recommended to be vaccinated in the 2011 SIV recommendations.
c Persons with these conditions were recommended to be vaccinated in the 2013 SIV recommendations.
d Temporal trend = average relative change of SIV standardised uptake rate per season over the defined period.
e For liver diseases: temporal trend from 2011/12–2012/13.
RRs < 1 represent a decrease in SIV standardised uptake rates; RRs > 1 represent an increase in SIV standardised uptake rates. RRs in bold are significantly different from one.