Table 2.
Predicting use of ED services among NHPIs: Odds-Ratio and Confidence Interval (95% CI)a
| Model 1: Predisposing, Enabling, and Evaluated Needs | Model 2: Predisposing, Enabling, and Perceived Needs | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predisposing factors | Single vs. Non-Users |
Multiple vs. Non-Users |
Multiple vs. Single |
Single vs. Non-Users |
Multiple vs. Non-Users |
Multiple vs. Single |
|
| Age | 1.007 (0.997–1.018) |
1.010 (0.993–1.027) |
1.002 (0.993–1.011) |
1.008 (0.997–1.020) |
1.015* (1.001–1.030) |
1.007 (0.998–1.015) |
|
| Females | 0.861 (0.627–1.181) |
0.823 (0.538–1.261) |
0.957 (0.801–1.143) |
0.914 (0.707–1.182) |
0.852 (0.526–1.383) |
0.933 (0.731–1.191) |
|
| High-school or less | 1.083 (0.564–2.081) |
1.109 (0.487–2.526) |
1.024 (0.851–1.232) |
1.088 (0.621–1.906) |
1.161 (0.451–2.988) |
1.067 (0.721–1.581) |
|
| High-school/GED | 1.208 (0.795–1.835) |
1.277 (0.815–2.000) |
1.057 (0.901–1.240) |
1.061 (0.721–1.563) |
1.111 (0.590–2.092) |
1.047 (0.815–1.345) |
|
| Married/living with partner | 0.721 (0.423–1.228) |
0.655 (0.333–1.288) |
0.908 (0.648–1.273) |
0.757 (0.441–1.298) |
0.609 (0.279–1.329) |
0.806 (0.566–1.148) |
|
| Unemployed | 1.002 (0.652–1.540) |
1.003 (0.575–1.748) |
1.001 (0.882–1.135) |
0.951 (0.694–1.304) |
0.915 (0.518–1.616) |
0.962 (0.742–1.246) |
|
| Born in the US | 1.302 (0.841–2.014) |
1.407 (0.810–2.445) |
1.081 (0.823–1.420) |
1.184 (0.793–1.767) |
1.349 (0.703–2.590) |
1.140 (0.841–1.544) |
|
| Enabling factors | |||||||
| < 100% FPL | 1.387 (0.705–2.731) |
1.528 (0.563–4.148) |
1.101 (0.716–1.695) |
1.158 (0.620–2.164) |
1.297 (0.391–4.304) |
1.120 (0.621–2.022) |
|
| 100–199% FPL | 1.433 (0.875–2.348) |
1.593* (1.023–2.482) |
1.112 (0.829–1.492) |
1.128 (0.738–1.726) |
1.239 (0.633–2.427) |
1.098 (0.838–1.440) |
|
| 200–399% FPL | 1.003 (0.656–1.533) |
1.004 (0.580–1.738) |
1.001 (0.883–1.134) |
0.925 (0.645–1.328) |
0.871 (0.460–1.650) |
0.942 (0.708–1.254) |
|
| Uninsured | 0.920 (0.263–3.224) |
0.898 (0.166–4.850) |
0.976 (0.631–1.509) |
0.936 (0.369–2.379) |
0.890 (0.159–4.982) |
0.950 (0.431–2.097) |
|
| Usual source of care | 1.102 (0.425–2.859) |
1.134 (0.315–4.085) |
1.029 (0.734–1.443) |
1.086 (0.464–2.538) |
1.157 (0.251–5.329) |
1.066 (0.538–2.110) |
|
| Use eHealth information | 1.520 (0.917–2.519) |
1.719* (1.080–2.736) |
1.131 (0.792–1.616) |
1.436 (0.912–2.262) |
1.901* (1.137–3.180) |
1.117 (0.873–1.430) |
|
| Ability to afford health care | 1.236 (0.990–1.543) |
1.316 (0.823–2.105) |
1.064 (0.809–1.400) |
1.154 (0.980–1.359) |
1.290 (0.893–1.864) |
1.12 (0.873–1.437) |
|
| Neighborhood social support | 0.951 (0.884–1.023) |
0.937* (0.881–0.997) |
0.985 (0.948–1.025) |
0.971 (0.914–1.031) |
0.948 (0.877–1.026) |
0.977 (0.949–1.006) |
|
| Barriers to health care access | 1.138 (0.809–1.601) |
1.183 (0.797–1.756) |
1.039 (0.916–1.179) |
1.151 (0.837–1.582) |
1.283 (0.804–2.048) |
1.115 (0.916–1.357) |
|
| Evaluated needs (CDs) | Perceived needs (health status) | ||||||
| 1 | 1.191 (0.763–1.860) |
1.254 (0.715–2.199) |
1.053 (0.862–1.286) |
Good | 0.484* (0.282–0.830) |
0.275** (0.107–0.708) |
0.570 (0.241–1.347) |
| ≥ 2 | 1.881 (0.971–3.645) |
2.267** (1.399–3.672) |
1.205 (0.714–2.034) |
Very good | 0.369** (0.202–0.674) |
0.170*** (0.074–0.391) |
0.462 (0.161–1.324) |
| Excellent | 0.451** (0.254–0.801) |
0.243** (0.090–0.659) |
0.540 (0.212–1.374) |
||||
Source: NHPI-NHIS 2014
aReferent: More than high-school; other marital status (widowed, divorced or separated, never married); ≥400% FPL; insured; no usual source of care; did not use eHealth; No CD; poor-fair health)
Note: FPL: Federal Poverty Level. CD: Chronic Diseases. GED: General Educational Development
ED/ER: Emergency department/Emergency room. US: United States
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001