Table 5.
Relative risk ratios (RRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of ASD and Non-TD (versus TD) in relation to phthalate metabolite concentrations (μg/L) during mid- to late pregnancy among boys and girls
| Girls (n = 79; TD = 46, ASD = 13, Non-TD = 20) | Boys (n = 122; TD = 54, ASD = 33, Non-TD = 35) | P-value for interaction c | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RRR a | 95% CI | RRR a | 95% CI | ||
| ASD versus TD | |||||
| MEP | 0.58 | (0.26, 1.29) | 1.46 | (0.89, 2.37) | 0.01 |
| MiBP | 0.75 | (0.22, 2.48) | 0.48 | (0.22, 1.02) | 0.33 |
| MHiBP | 0.71 | (0.20, 2.52) | 0.52 | (0.24, 1.10) | 0.48 |
| MBP | 1.08 | (0.27, 4.16) | 0.82 | (0.37, 1.80) | 0.79 |
| MHBP | 0.84 | (0.18, 3.80) | 0.96 | (0.41, 2.19) | 0.97 |
| MBzP | 0.59 | (0.27, 1.27) | 1.01 | (0.57, 1.77) | 0.27 |
| MCPP | 0.74 | (0.38, 1.42) | 0.86 | (0.47, 1.57) | 0.67 |
| MCOP | 0.82 | (0.47, 1.41) | 0.84 | (0.50, 1.38) | 0.78 |
| MCNP | 0.76 | (0.41, 1.39) | 1.28 | (0.63, 2.58) | 0.17 |
| ΣDEHP b | 1.18 | (0.28, 5.01) | 0.85 | (0.43, 1.63) | 0.36 |
| Non-TD versus TD | |||||
| MEP | 1.08 | (0.57, 2.02) | 1.54 | (1.01, 2.35)* | 0.25 |
| MiBP | 1.43 | (0.68, 2.96) | 1.02 | (0.52, 2.00) | 0.49 |
| MHiBP | 1.81 | (0.74, 4.39) | 0.90 | (0.45, 1.78) | 0.30 |
| MBP | 1.39 | (0.59, 3.23) | 1.59 | (0.76, 3.33) | 0.92 |
| MHBP | 1.20 | (0.41, 3.47) | 1.54 | (0.77, 3.07) | 0.62 |
| MBzP | 0.86 | (0.47, 1.58) | 1.75 | (1.06, 2.88)* | 0.15 |
| MCPP | 1.26 | (0.63, 2.49) | 1.99 | (1.04, 3.77)* | 0.18 |
| MCOP | 1.28 | (0.69, 2.35) | 1.37 | (0.81, 2.30) | 0.86 |
| MCNP | 1.10 | (0.67, 1.78) | 1.85 | (1.09, 3.13)* | 0.15 |
| ΣDEHP b | 1.16 | (0.54, 2.46) | 1.87 | (1.02, 3.41)* | 0.13 |
aAdjusted for pre-pregnancy BMI, year of birth (linear and squared terms), and homeownership
bDue to high correlations among DEHP metabolites (r = 0.84–0.99), the molar sum of DEHP metabolites was only examined (ΣDEHP, μmol/L)
cP-value for interaction from the separate regression models
*p-value < 0.05
Note: MNP was excluded from this table because approximately 50% of samples had detectable concentrations. See Table 2 for abbreviations