Table 1.
Characteristics of participants and comparison by drinking level
| Not Heavy Drinker (n = 319) % (95% CI) |
Heavy Drinker (n = 394) % (95% CI) |
P-Value | Total (n = 713) % (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 0.06 | |||
| Male | 60.9 (53.4, 67.9) | 70.3 (63.8, 76.1) | 65.8 (61.0, 70.4) | |
| Female | 39.1 (32.1, 46.6) | 29.7 (23.9, 36.2) | 34.2 (29.6, 39.0) | |
| Age | 0.37 | |||
| 18–19 | 3.1 (1.0, 8.9) | 1.5 (0.5, 4.2) | 2.3 (0.9, 5.3) | |
| 20–24 | 18.1 (12.2, 26.0) | 18.1 (13.5, 23.9) | 18.1 (14.3, 22.7) | |
| 25–34 | 26.1 (20.1, 33.2) | 34.4 (27.3, 42.2) | 30.5 (26.2, 35.1) | |
| 35–44 | 23.6 (18.3, 30.0) | 22.4 (17.6, 28.1) | 23.0 (19.2, 27.3) | |
| 45–54 | 19.2 (11.6, 30.1) | 12.4 (8.3, 18.1) | 15.6 (11.3, 21.1) | |
| 55–65 | 9.9 (5.9, 16.0) | 11.3 (6.4, 19.1) | 10.6 (7.3, 15.2) | |
| Race/Ethnicity | 0.10 | |||
| Black African | 74.3 (62.4, 83.5) | 83.4 (74.7, 89.5) | 79.1 (72.3, 84.5) | |
| Coloured | 3.6 (2.2, 5.8) | 6.0 (3.5, 10.0) | 4.8 (3.2, 7.3) | |
| White | 21.6 (12.6, 34.4) | 9.4 (4.0, 20.8) | 15.2 (9.7, 23.0) | |
| Asian/Indian | 0.5 (< 0.01, 03.1) | 1.3 (0.4, 4.4) | 0.9 (0.3, 2.4) | |
| Marital Status | 0.04 | |||
| Married | 49.7 (39.8, 59.7) | 30.8 (24.3, 38.1) | 39.7 (33.6, 46.2) | |
| Co-habitating | 8.1 (4.2, 14.9) | 6.4 (4.4, 9.3) | 7.2 (5.0, 10.3) | |
| Never married | 38.1 (30.5, 46.4) | 55.6 (46.6, 64.3) | 47.3 (41.3, 53.5) | |
| Divorced | 2.8 (1.2, 6.1) | 3.7 (0.9, 13.9) | 3.3 (1.5, 6.8) | |
| Separated | 0.8 (0.3, 1.9) | 1.7 (0.8, 3.5) | 1.3 (0.7, 2.4) | |
| Widowed | 0.6 (0.2, 2.2) | 1.8 (0.6, 5.3) | 1.2 (0.5, 3.1) | |
| Total Annual Personal Income | 0.87 | |||
| Low | 77.6 (68.5, 84.7) | 76.4 (69.2, 82.4) | 77.0 (71.9, 81.4) | |
| Medium | 14.7 (9.3, 22.5) | 16.6 (11.8, 23.0) | 15.7 (12.8, 19.2) | |
| High | 7.7 (4.4, 13.1) | 7.0 (4.1, 11.6) | 7.3 (4.9, 10.7) | |
| Container Size | < 0.001 | |||
| Below Average | 13.1 (7.2, 22.8) | 2.8 (1.1, 6.6) | 7.7 (4.3, 13.3) | |
| Average | 52.6 (44.5, 60.6) | 17.2 (12.4, 23.5) | 34.0 (28.9, 39.6) | |
| Above Average | 34.3 (24.9, 45.1) | 80.0 (72.5, 85.8) | 58.3 (50.6, 65.7) | |
| Primary Location | 0.02 | |||
| Home | 67.8 (58.3, 76.1) | 52.8 (44.3, 61.2) | 59.9 (52.7, 66.8) | |
| Someone Else’s Home | 10.7 (6.3, 17.5) | 18.5 (12.7, 26.1) | 14.8 (10.4, 20.6) | |
| Nightclub | 0.9 (0.3, 2.8) | 3.3 (1.7, 6.3) | 2.2 (1.2, 3.9) | |
| Sports Club | < 0.01 (< 0.01, 0.5) | 1.1 (0.3, 4.2) | 0.6 (0.2, 2.3) | |
| Other Club | 0.6 (0.2, 2.4) | 1.9 (0.9,4.2) | 1.3 (0.7, 2.3) | |
| Restaurant | 1.8 (0.6, 5.0) | 0.4 (< 0.01, 2.2) | 1.1 (0.4, 2.5) | |
| Motor | < 0.01 (< 0.01, 0.6) | 0.6 (< 0.01, 4.6) | 0.3 (< 0.1, 2.2) | |
| Outdoors | 2.5 (1.0, 6.2) | 1.4 (0.4, 5.3) | 1.9 (0.9, 4.0) | |
| Shebeen | 1.4 (0.5, 3.8) | 2.0 (0.8, 4.8) | 1.7 (0.9, 3.2) | |
| Pub | 13.8 (8.7, 21.2) | 16.7 (11.7, 23.3) | 15.3 (12.0, 19.5) | |
| Special Events | 0.1 (< 0.01, 1.2) | 1.4 (0.2, 9.1) | 0.8 (0.1, 4.4) | |
| Other | 0.2 (< 0.01, 1.2) | 0 | < 0.01 (0.0, 0.6) | |
| Primary Beverage | 0.10 | |||
| Beer | 38.4 (30.9, 46.5) | 57.5 (47.4, 67.0) | 48.4 (42.1, 54.9) | |
| Low Alcohol Beer | 5.8 (2.4, 13.4) | 1.1 (0.2, 7.1) | 3.3 (1.5, 7.1) | |
| Home Brew Beer | 1.2 (0.4, 3.9) | 0.8 (0.1, 4.3) | 1.0 (0.4, 2.3) | |
| Stout | 0.5 (0.1, 2.2) | 0.9 (0.4, 2.3) | 0.7 (0.3, 1.6) | |
| Wine | 15.0 (8.5, 25.0) | 13.9 (9.4, 20.1) | 14.4 (10.8, 19.0) | |
| Spirits | 15.3 (8.0, 27.2) | 10.2 (4.7, 21.0) | 12.6 (6.9, 22.1) | |
| Cocktails | < 0.01 (< 0.01, 0.5) | ─a | < 0.1 (< 0.1, 0.2) | |
| Liqueur | 0.6 (< 0.01, 4.2) | ─a | 0.3 (< 0.1, 2.0) | |
| Shooters | 0.6 (< 0.01, 4.4) | ─a | 0.3 (< 0.1, 2.1) | |
| Cider | 20.5 (12.8, 31.1) | 15.6 (11.0, 21.6) | 17.9 (12.9, 24.3) | |
| Alcopops | 2.3 (0.4, 10.9) | ─a | 1.1 (0.2, 5.4) | |
CI confidence interval
a All of the participants who primarily drink cocktails, liqueur, shooters, and alcopops were not heavy drinkers