Figure 1.

Mechanisms of ACC immunoresistance. The upregulation of β-catenin reduces production of different chemokines (such as CCL4, BATF Dcs, CXCL10) leading to the lack of T cell priming and the consequent recruitment of effector T cells in the tumor. TP53‐mutated tumor cells lack production of key chemokines required for the recruitment of natural killer cells and T cells, which results in exclusion of effector T cell from the tumor infiltration. Low PD-L1 expression and increased production of steroids can impair tumor immunogenicity. BATF DC, basic leucine zipper transcriptional factor ATF-like 3 lineage dendritic cells; CCL, CC-chemokine ligand; CXCL, CXC-chemokine ligand; PD-L1, programmed cell death 1 ligand 1.