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. 2018 Nov 28;9:1330. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01330

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Copyright © 2018 Trend, Chang, O’Dea, Stick, Kicic, WAERP, AusREC and AREST CF.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Cytokine production in primary airways cells exposed to phage. Levels of (A) IL-1β, (B) IL-6, and (C) IL-8 cytokines in culture supernatants of cells exposed to treatments for 48 h compared with untreated controls cell. Cytokine concentrations were adjusted for the ratio of viable cells in the phage treatment wells compared with the control well. Data show values for healthy non-CF children (open circles; n = 8) or children with CF (closed circles; n = 8) representing the mean calculated from three replicate treatment wells per individual. Horizontal lines represent the group (healthy non-CF or CF) median.